城市交通的转变
Transforming Urban
随着科技的发展和运输速度的提高，车站和运输枢纽的角色变得越发复杂，亟待改善它们的需求客观上创造了机会，让人们重新思考车站的分类以及车站与城市和公共区域的关系，公共休息室，零售区，交流区，城市的标志区和重大活动的举办场地在过去的交通枢纽中都体现得不太明显，现在的交通急等实现与其他交通模式的有效连接，随着迈向信息时代社会的速度的加快，更好地建设基魂设施的要求也在增长，而随着预计的人口增长和全新规划的运输网络，城市交通建筑经历了变革，一方面需要升级它的功能性，另一方面需要以21世纪的新精神来重新建立，城市交通新建筑如何展示自己，对改变城市的形象，加强城市的连接功能以及未来的发展方面有很大的彩响。
交通运输的基础设施是如何定义我们的城市结构的？公路.自行车道和人行道是最基本的公共区域，它们支撑着我们的运输方式，同时定文着城市的总体格局，在宏观水平上，公略。航道和领空决定着城市区域如何连接彼此的空间.城市规划观点中认为宏观和微观的结合点是交通枢纽.港口和火车站，它们将不同的交通模式结合在起，机场通常被规划在城市核心之外而游轮码头可以靠近城市中心，重要的火车站或地铁站通常规划在城市肌理的腹地，即使不是在中心，也要决定着城市的重要中心和发展。
As technology and the speed of transportation improve,the role of the stationsand transportation hubs has become more complex,and the need to improvethem creates opportunities in rethinking the typology of the station and itsrelationship with the city and the public realm.Lounges,retail,communication,branding of cities and even event spaces are programs that were less evidentin the historic transportation hubs.Better efficiency to connect to other modes of transport is desired,and thus a need for better infrastructure is growing asthe speed of our information age society increases.As projected populationunfold and the new transport network is proposed,the architecture of urbantransportation is going through an evolution to upgrade its functionality whileat the same time reestablishing itself in the spirit of the 21st century.How the new architecture of urban transportation manifests itself is having effect in thetransforming of the city's image,urban connectivity and future development。
近几年，出现了一种葡求，即重建日的车站来演足人口增长的需要或者建立新的车站来满足新的路线和科技的灣要，像穿过欧洲的高迪列车网络，这舞要建立更有玻引力和有效的文通柜纽，而这个交通板组成者建在原来城市的腹地或者形减一个新的交通区伍.来创透一个额的机会，这样不仅建造了一座新的建筑，重建城市受欢迎的形象，而目能在再次促进增长的同时改造周边的公共领域.这个交通枢纽在地区水平和当地水平之间重新建立了连接性和城市连贯性，重新思考车姑的类别，这一机调解决了处理大型建筑物的问题然而具有汉刺性意味的是，在很多地方.大型历史建筑物都被用来区分街区：设置边界且氧国不受欢迎且不安全，今天，科技允许我们在传统的车站上面和下面建酒分层.我们看见埋入地下或拾离地面的火车轨道.增加的多功能窃务项目，重新连接的城市，新的车站是多层次的，有清浙的视线和明亮的日光效果，是公共空间的延伸，用作交通枢纽的新建筑是城市改造的催化剂.相对于过去.这展现了今天的数字时代。
How does infrastructure of transportation define our city structure?Roads,bicycle lanes,and sidewalks are on the very basicevel of the public realm that supports our transportation meth-ods while defining the general layout of our city.On a macro levelRailroads,Waterways,and Airspace are spaces that defined howone urban region connects to another.The coming together ofthe micro and macro on an urban planning perspective is oftentransport hubs.ports or stations that bring these various modesof transport together.While airports have traditionally beenplanned outside the urban core,crulse terminals can be placedcloser to the center,and major train or subway stations are oftenplanned deeper into the city fabric and define an important focusand development of the city,if not in the center.There is a need in recent years to renew older stations to ac-commodate growth in population or build new ones to cater fornew routes or technology such as the high-speed trains networkthroughout Europe.This needs to create a more attractive andeffclent transportation hub,either deep in the original urbancontext or to establish a new one,offering an opportunity to notonly create a new building and reestablish the city's welcomingimage,but regenerate growth,and transform the public realmaround it.It reestablishes the connectivity and urban coherencybetween the regional level and the local-level.The opportunityto rethink the station typology addresses the challenges of thelarge footprint of a building that ironically in many places have。
位于尼泊尔的由Dominiqu perrault建筑事务所设计的加里波第广场是一个基出设施案例.它重新定义了公共空间，这个项目改善了尼润尔中央车站前原有的主要广场.同时为建造一座全新的地下地铁站回出空问，这处新型代表性公共空间连接着两个车站，国合了有轨电车线路，且建造了停车场，重新规划了交通流线，使广场成为尼泊尔运输系统中最复杂的运输枢短，在一系列八棵金属制成的人工树下地下的商坐长麻展现了阴影的交织，同时遮盖了连接原有中心车站的几何结构天篷的穿孔金属板创造不断改空的外观，即三种变化的图案，公共雕修和火车站中问的道路作为主触将广场分开.围饶地铁站的公共空问具备城市人行道的特征，主路的另一边是带有池塘和其他最现特征的软景花园其他城市的交通枢细通过与水的连接发挥了作用，位于悉尼海，由的翰进·皮尔领·沃克设计的白湾部轮妈头是一个使利设施.成为澳大利亚休闲游船项日的廷伸，这个设计利用了现存的，占老的桥式起重制。
historically divided neighborhoods,set borders,and establshedan unwelcoming and unsafe atmosphere.Today,as technologyallows us to create layers above and below the traditional stationwe see train tracks buried or lilted,mic-use commercial programsedded,and urban continuity relinked.The new station is multieveled,with clear sightlines and daylight,and is an extension ofthe public space.The new architecture of the transportation hub is a catalyst of urban transformation that is expressive of the digi tal era of today with respect to the historical one. The Garibaldi Square in Naples by Dominique Perrault Architec-ture is an example of infrastructure redefining the public space The project improves the existing main square in front of CentralStation of Naples,while providing a new address to the under-ground metro station.The new representative public space links the two stations,borders a tramline and includes car parking and he rearrangement of traffic,making the square one of the most
complex transport hub in Naples transport system.Under the seies of eight metallic 'trees,the commercial gallery below groundevel enjoys the shadow-play and shading of the geometric struc ture that relates to the existing central station.The perforated etal on the canopy provides an ever-changing appearance in rariations of three pattems.A road as a main axis between the oublic statue and the train station divides the piazza however.While the public space surrounding the metro station is of an uroan pedestrian character,the other side of the main road is made
通过重塑城市交通枢纽来进行的另一个大型城市特征改造在最近于鹿特丹开放的中心火车站得到体现，CS团队，即Berthem Crouwe建筑师事务所VSA建筑师事务所以及W阳财8城市设计与景观建筑事务所合作设计了这一项目.最近十年.这个项目一直都在建设当中，同时每天火车都在正常运行，富有意义的古老车站被重新开发，来满足2025年即将增长到323000人的客流量，这一增长不但代表重要的交通延纽室化的需要，而且还是饮为高速铁路线网的一部分，这个项日的北部是19世纪的住宅区，南都是繁荣的当代或市中心，该建筑将它们与一个育业长意和一个地丽白行车隧道连接起来，同时铁路和贴台被提高了一个层次，从实用性方面来看，这个项目解决了多层次交通枢细的功能复杂性。
up of softer green garden spaces with ponds and other landscape features.Other cities'transportation hubs are leveraged through its con-nectivity to water.The White Bay Cruise Terminal in Sydney Har-bour by Johnson Pilton Walker is a facility that serves the expand-ing lelsure cruise industry in Australia.The design utilizes theexisting historic gantry crane structure to support an elegantwavy canopy roof.The structure was once a part of the contain-er shipping operations between Sydney and Europe in the late1960's.The use of this structure allows the architects to create aninterior space that appears to support a free and hence airy,flex-ible use of space with daylight framing a panorama of the cityskyline.The architecture embraces the industrial character andtransforms the fading industrial site into a memorable experiencewhile adding an iconic welcoming gateway to the city and it's ex-tensive waterway network. Another significant transformation of a city's character throughthe remaking of its transportation hub can be seen in Rotterdamwith its recent opening of the Central Station.Team CS,a collabo-ration of Benthem Crouwel Architects,MVSA Architects and West8,designed the project that has been in the making for the last tenyears whille daily use of the trains was in operation.The previoushistorically meaningful station had to be redeveloped to cater forthe growth of daily travelers of 323,000 by 2025.This growth rep-resents not only a need for a signifcant transportation hub of theregion but also a part of the European High Speed Line network. Located between a 19th Century residential area to the north。
主要通过清晰且有序连贾的运输序列来完成：火车，地铁，电车道.公交车，出相车和汽车车站.停车场.以及5200个地下白行车车位，从建筑学方读来说，这个项目以北部覆盖了全部轨道的玻璃屋顶为特征，这一特征与精致的居住特征相区配.南部设有一座大厅，带有闪光的摩塑型顶，契合了周图环境中的现代摩天大极。为了和城市的历史相连接，来自战后车站的装饰品融入新设计中，包括旧时钟，宽虹字，慎杆以及两个标志着白行车隧道入口的花岗者摩塑.鹿特丹中心火车站在城市中的影响可以在周图的公共空间中感受到，尤其是车站广场将人行情道引入城市中心，接受来白两边都是形人工树的步行大道的人们的致意。人工树与车站内部的铜铁结构相映村，车站北驱的公共区城将现行隧道改道使其好像仍处在过去的场景中，具靠近入口处，将水，树和绿化带结合在一起，创造出受欢迎的城市形象。一条温暖的.红色花岗岩铺成的车站公共空问像显子一样从北到南。从内到外地覆盖了车站的公共区域将原菜的港口小镇变成一座友好的世界级港口城市。
Abdl0的+Sentkiewicz建筑事务所设计了一个类似的但是更大的城市and a contemporary thriving city-center to the south,the projectbridges the two worlds with a commercial passage and a bicycletunnel on ground level while the rails and platforms are lifted onelevel above.The project pragmatically addresses the functionalcomplexity of a multilevel transport hub with a dear,coherentlyorganizing array of transportation:trains,an underground metro,trams,buses,taxis and car drop-offs,car park and an undergroundbicycle parking of 5,200 stalls.Architecturally,the project featureson the north a glass roof that covers all the train tracks,matching the delicate residentlal character,and on the south,it showcases
a grand hall with a glimmering sculptural roof that correspondsto the contemporary skyscrapers in its surrounding.To connect with the city's history,omnamentation from the previous post-war station is re-integrated into the new design,such as the old clock. neon letters,flag posts,and two granite sculptures marking the entrances of the bicycle tunnel.I he urban impact of Rotterdam Central Station can be felt in the public space surrounding the building,especially with the station square leading the pedestrian into the city center.greeted by people from the promenade onboth side rows of Y-shape trees,which correspond to Y-form steelcolumns inside the station.The public realm to the north of thestation will reroute the existing canal closer to the entrance as itwere in its history,bringing water,trees and green to the welcom-ing image of the city.A warm reddish-granite carpet'"like stationpublic space from north to south,inside and out,transforms theonce harbor town into a frlendly world-class port city.
In a similar kind of program but of a larger urban transtormation（略）
