QualificationofPost-lnstalled MechanicalAnchorsinConcrete and Commentary
AnACI Standard
ReportedbyAClCommittee355
AmericanConcreteInstitute?
QualificationofPost-lnstalled MechanicalAnchorsinConcrete and Commentary
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QualificationofPost-InstalledMechanicalAnchorsin Concrete(ACl355.2-07)andCommentary
Ronald A. Cook
Tarek S. AzizRanjt L. Bandyopadhyay Peter J. CarratoHary A Chambers Rolf Eligchausen Sam S. EskildsenBranko Galunic
Brian C. GerberHerman L Graves II Kevin D. HeinertChristopher HeinzRichard E Klingner Bruce I. Ireland
ACI 355.2 prescribes teting programs ond ealatiom reqirememts frpos-instlef mhic cors ined frme i corele er e design provisions of ACI 3J8. Criterie are prescnibed for determiningwhether hr ar acpe for e i mcracke cocre oly or cracked ar well ar mcracked crete. Performance cotegories for anchorsre eablie αr are e criterinor im chr o h categor The mchor peformce categorier e dby AC 38 t asi capacityredsction fsclors andf orher derign poramefers.
Keywords: anchors; cracked concrets cxponsien ancbors fastenes; mechanical anchors; post-installed amchors; undercut anchors.
CONTENTS
Chapter2-Definitions and notation p.355.2-32.1Definitions2.2-Notation
Chapter 3-Significance and use p. 355.2-6
Chapter 4-General requirements p.355.2-6
4.1Testing sequence
Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning ACI Committee Reports Guides Standard Practices anddesigning executing and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals who arepetent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its responsibility for the application of the material it contains.responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and alla use ep o sso ue sog eg
Reference to this document shall not be made in contractdocuments. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents theythe Architect/Engineer. shall be restated in mandatoey language for incorporation by
An ACI Standard
Reported byACl Committee355
Richard E WollmershauserSeretary
Donald F. Meinheit Alan D. Price Richard S. OrPatrick J.E. SullivanJames B. Turley Harry Wiewel
Anthouy J. LamannaHarry B. Lancelot II Nam-Ho LeeAlexander Makitka Jr.Rebest R. M:Glohn Lee W. Mattis
4.2-Test samples4.3-Testing by independent testing and evaluation agency and by manufacturer4.4--Changes to proxduct
p.355.2-8 installing anchors and conducting tests Chapter 5-Requirements for test specimens
5.1-Concrete for test members 5.2-Anchor installation5.4Tests in cracked concrete 5.3-Test methods5.5General requirements for anchor behavior
Chapter6-Requirementsforanchor identification p.355.2-12
6.1-Determination of critical characteristics of anchors6.3Verification of conformance to drawings and 6.2-Specification of critical characteristics of anchors specifications
Chapter7-Reference tests p.355.2-12
7.1-Purpose 7.2-Reference tension tests for single anchors withoutspacing and edge effects Table 4.1 Tests 1 and 2 or7.3--Required calculations using results of reference tests Table 4.2 Tests 1 2 3 and 4)
Chapter 8-Reliability tests p.355.2-138.1Purpose
ACI STANDARD
355.2-2
8.2Reliability tests using reduced installation effort(Table 4.1 Test 3 and Table 4.2 Test 5)8.3-Reliability in low-strength concrete with large drill bit (Table 4.1 Test 4 and Table 4.2 Test 6)bit (Table 4.1 Test 5 and Table 4.2 Test 7)8.5Reliability under repeated load (Table 4.1 Test 6)8.6-Reliability in cracked concrete where crack width is cycled (Table 4.2 Test 8)
Chapter 9-Service-condition tests p.355.2-159.1-Purpose9.2-Service-condition tension test with single anchor and with two edges (corner) (Table 4.1 Test 7 and9.3-Service-condition test at minimum edge distance and Table 4.2 Test 9)minimum spacing (Table 4.1 Test 8 and Table 4.2 9.4-Service-condition shear test for single anchors 1 1)and Table 4.2 Test 11) without spacing and edge effects Table 4.1 Test 9 9.5-Service-condition simulated seismic tension tests9.6-Service-condition simulated seismic shear tests (Table 4.2 Test 12)(Table 4.2 Test 13)
p.355.2-18 Chapter 10-Establishing anchor categories
Chapter 11-Presenting anchor data p.355.2-18
sse-11111.2-Format of data sheet 11.3-General requirements11.4-Contents of evaluation report
Chapter12-Requirementsforindependenttesting and evaluationagency，p.355.2-19
Chapter13-References p.355.2-19 13.1-Referenced standards
AppendixA1-Requirementsfornormalization of MANDATORYAPPENDIXESresults p.355.2-21 A1.1Normalization of capacities to take account ofA1.2-Concrete breakout or splitting failure concrete and steel strengthsA1.3Pullout and pull-through failure A1.4-Steel failure
characteristic capacities p.355.2-21 AppendixA2-RequirementsforestablishingA2.1-Scope A2.2-Procedure
p.355.2-21 Appendix A3-Requirements fortest members
A3.1Tests in uncracked concreteA3.2Tests in cracked concreteA3.3Casting and curing of test members
COMMENTARYChapter R1-Scope p.355.2-23
Chapter R2-Definitions and notation p.355.2-23R2.1-Definitions R2.2Notation
Chapter R3-Significance and use p.355.2-23
Chapter R4-General requirements p.355.2-23 R4.1Testing sequenceR4.2-Test samples
ChapterR5-Requirements fortest specimens installing anchors and conducting tests p.355.2-26R5.1-Concrete for test members R5.2-Anchor installationR5.4Tests in cracked concrete
R5.5-General requirements for anchor behavior
ChapterR6-Requirementsforanchor identification p.355.2-28R6.3Verification of conformance to drawings andspecifications
ChapterR7-Reference tests p.355.2-28 R7.2Reference tension tests for single anchors withoutspacing and edge effects Table 4.1 Tests 1 and 2 or Table 4.2 Tests 1 2 3 and 4)R7.3Required calculations using results of referencetests
Chapter R8-Reliability tests p.355.2-29 R8.2Reliability tests using reduced installation effort(Table 4.1 Test 3 and Table 4.2 Test 5)R8.3-Reliability in low-strength concrete with large drill bit (Table 4.1 Test 4 and Table 4.2 Test 6)R8.4-Reliability in high-strength concrete with smallR8.5Reliability under repeated load (Table 4.1 Test 6) drill bit (Table 4.1 Test 5 and Table 4.2 Test 7)R8.6-Reliability in cracked concrete where crack widthis cycled (Table 4.2 Test 8)
Chapter R9-Service-condition tests p.355.2-30 R9.2Service-condition tension test with single anchorand with two edges (cormer) (Table 4.1 Test 7 and Table 4.2 Test 9)R9.3Service-condition test at minimum edge distanceand minimum spacing (Table 4.1 Test 8 and Table 4.2 Test 10)R9.4-Service-condition shear test for single anchorswithout spacing and edge effects (Table 4.1 Test 9 and Table 4.2 Test 11)R9.5Service-condition simulated seismic tension tests (Table 4.2 Test 12)R9.6Service-condition simulated seismic shear tests(Table 4.2 Test 13)
Chapter R11-Presenting anchor data p.355.2-31
Chapter R13-References p.355.2-31R13.1Cited references
Appendix RA1-Requirements for normalization of results p.355.2-31
RA1.2-Concrete breakout or splitting failureRA1.3Pullout and pull-through failure
Appendix RA3-Requirements for test members p.355.2-31 RA3.2Tests in cracked concrete
EXAMPLEEVALUATIONOFAWEDGE-TYPEE1-Anchor specifications p.355.2-32 ANCHORINUNCRACKED CONCRETE
E2-Test results p.355.2-32
E3--Evaluation p.355.2-32
E3.1-GeneralE3.3--Reference tests in uncracked high-strength concrete E3.2Reference tests in uncracked low-strength concreteE3.4Reliability tests reduced installation effontE3.6Reliability tests small hole diameter E3.5Reliability tests large hole diameterE3.7Reliability tests repeated loadE3.9-Service-condition tests minimum edge distance E3.8Service-condition tests cormer testand spacingE3.10-Service-condition tests shear tests
E4-Establishing anchor category p.355.2-35
E5-Report of anchor data p.355.2-35
STANDARD
CHAPTER1-SCOPE
for post-installed mechanical anchors intended for use in 1.1 ACI355.2 prescribes testing and evaluation requirementsconcrete designed under the provisions of ACI 318. Criteriaare prescribed to determine whether anchors are acceptable for use in uncracked concrete only or in cracked as well asperformance category for each anchor.The anchor uncracked concrete. Criteria are prescribed to determine theperformance categories are used by ACI 318 to assigncapacity reduction factors and other design parameters.
1.2 ACI 355.2 describes the tests required to qualify apost-installed mechanical anchor or anchor system for use under the provisions of ACI 318.
1.3 ACI355.2 applies to post-installed mechanical anchorsexpansion anchors and undercut anchors) placed into (torque-controlled expansion anchors displacement-controlledpredrilled holes and anchored within the concrete by mechanical means.
14 ACI 355.2 applies to anchors with a nominal diameterof 1/4 in. (6 mm) or larger.
Fig. 2.1Examples of displacement-controlled expansionanchors.
are to be separately regarded. Within the text the SI units are 1.5 The values stated either in inch-pound units or SI unitsshown in parentheses. The values in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the twosystems shall result in nonconformance with ACI 355.2.
2.1-Definitions CHAPTER2-DEFINITIONSANDNOTATION
2.1.1 Anchor categoryThe classification for an anchorthat is established by the performance of the anchor in reliability tests (refer to Chapter 10).
equal effective embedment depth with each anchor spaced at 2.1.2 Anchor groupA number of anchors of approximatelyless than three times its embedment depth from one or more adjacent anchors.
2.1.3 Anchor systemSimilar anchors that vary only dueto diameter or embedment depth; a product line of a single segnueu
2.1.4 Characteristic valueThe 5% fractile (value with a95% probability of being exceeded with a confidence of 90%).
2.1.5 Concrete breakour fαilureA concrete failure modethat develops a cone or edge failure of the test member due to setting of the anchor or to applied loads.
2.1.6 Cracked concrete-A concrete test member with asingle full-depth approximately uniform width crack.
2.1.7 Displacement-controlled expansion cmchorA post-drilled hole through movement of an intermal plug in the sleeve installed anchor that is set by expansion against the side of theor through movement of the seeve over an expansion element(plug) (Fig. 2.1); once set no further expansion can occur.
2.1.8 Pullour failure-A failure mode in which the anchorpulls out of the concrete without development of the fullsteel or concrete capacity.
2.1.9 Pull-through failare-A failure mode in which theanchor body pulls through the expansion mechanism without development of the full steel or concrete capacity.
2.1.10 Serting of an anchor-The process of activating theload-transfer mechanism of an anchor in a drilled hole.
2.1.11 Splirting frilureA concrete failure mode in whichthe concrete fractures along a plane passing through the axis of the anchor or anchors.
2.1.12 Sttisticolly equivalenTwo groups of test resultsshall be considered statistically equivalent if there are no significant differences between the means of the two groups;statistical equivalence of the means of two groups shall be
