Cold-FormedWeldedandSeamlessCarbonSteelStructural StandardSpecificationfor Tubing in Rounds and Shapes1
This standard is isued under the fised designation A500/A500M; the number immediately following the designaticen indicates the yearofrigitr in ta f rs y fliA pdi f st rl. enouddeaa ao o(stau se| aq aouls aourqp (elaoupa ue sapapul (2) oo[sda idusuadns V
1. Scope*
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Srandards:2
less carbon steel round square rectangular or special struc- 1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded and seam-tural tubular shapes for welded riveted or bolted construction of bridges and buildings and for general structural purposes.
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical TestingA700 Guide for Packaging Marking and Loading Methods of Steel ProductsA751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of for Steel Proxducts for ShipmentA941 Terminology Relating to Steel. Stainles Steel Related Steel ProductsAlloys and Ferroalloys2.2 Military Standaords: MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage?MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products. Preparation for Ship- ment and Storage*Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment 2.3 Federal Standords:Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Iron2.4 AIAG Standard: and Steel Products?B-1 Bar Code Symbology Standard 2.5 Steel Tabe Instirute:Methods to Check Dimensional Tolerances on HollowStructural Sections
1.2 This tubing is produced in both welded and seamlesssizes with a periphery of 88 in. [2235 mm] or less and a specified wall thickness of 1.000 in. [25.4 mm] or less. GradeD requires heat treatment.
suitable for those applications such as dynamically loaded elements in Nore 1Products manufactured to this specification may not beKeu Susa 1eduj Admu q pomseo ped are qpum *soadod welded structures etc. where low-temperature notch-toughnessrequirements and may be more suitable for those applications. be important. There are other ASTM standards that do have CVN
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text thesystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore each systemfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesstandard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M" designation of this specification is specified in the order.
3. Terminology
1.4 The text of this specification contains notes and foot-notes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes excluding those in tables and figures do not containany mandatory requirements.
3.1 Definirions-For definitions of terms used in thisspecification refer to Terminology A941.
4. Ordering Information
all requirements that are necessary for the products under this 4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyspecification. Such requirements to be considered include but are not limited to the following:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 1.5 This intermational standard was developed in accor-Development of Intemational Standards Guxides and Re- izarion established in the Decision on Principles for themendarions issued by the World Trade Organizarion TechunicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Commirtee.
4.1.1 Quantity (feet [metres] or number of lengths) 4.1.2 Name of material (cold-formed tubing) 4.1.3 Method of manufacture (seamless or welded) 4.1.4 Grade (B C or D) tubing and outside dimensions and wall thickness for square 4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness for roundand rectangular tubing) 4.1.6 Copper-containing steel (see Table 1) if applicable 4.1.7 Length (random multiple specific; see 11.3) 4.1.8 End condition (see 16.3) 4.1.9 Burr removal (see 16.3) 4.1.10 Certification (see Section 18) 4.1.11 ASTM specification designation and year of issue 4.1.12 End use 4.1.13 Special requirements 4.1.14 Bar coding (see 19.3) andlieu of those listed (see 10.8). 4.1.15 Destructive Weld Tests required in addition to or in
6.5 Grade D tubing shall be heat treated at a temperature ofat least 1100 °F [590 °C] for one hour per inch [25 mm] ofthickness.
7. Heat Analysis
7.1 Each heat analysis shall conform to the requirementsspecified in Table 1 for heat analysis.
8. Product Analysis
requirements specified in Table I for product analysis. 8.1 The tubing shall be capable of conforming to the
8.2 If product analyses are made they shall be made usingtest specimens taken from two lengths of tubing from each lot of 500 lengths or fraction thereof or two pieces of flat-rolledstock from each lot of a corresponding quantity of flat-rolled stock. Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis shallogy A751. Such product analyses shall conform to the require- be in accordance with Test Methods Practices and Terminol-ments specified in Table 1 for product analysis.
5.Process
conform to the specified requirements the lot shall be rejected. 8.3 If both product analyses representing a lot fail to
5.1The steel shall be made by one or more of the followingprocesses: basic-oxygen or electric-furnace.
8.4 If only one product analysis representing a lot fails toconform to the specified requirements product analyses shall be made using two additional test specimens taken from the lot.requirements or the lot shall be rejected. Both additional product analyses shall conform to the specified
5.2 When steels of different grades are sequentially strandcast the steel producer shall identify the resultant transition material and remove it using an established procedure thatpositively separates the grades.
6.Manufacture
9. Tensile Requirements
process. 6.1 The tubing shall be made by a seamless or welding
9.1The material as represented by the test specimen shallconform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
6.2 Welded tubing shall be made from flat-rolled steel bythe electric-resistance-welding process. The longitudinal butt joint of welded tubing shall be welded across its thickness insuch a manner that the structural design strength of the tubingsection is assured.
10. Flattening Test Flaring Test and Wedge Crush Test
10.1 The flattening test shall be made on round structuralin diameter can be made if stated in the purchase order. Either tubing. A flaring test on round tubing up to and including 10 in.on square and rectangular tubular shapes with a side up to and a flattening test flaring test or a wedge crush test shall be madeincluding 10 in. except when the customer specifies the weld tobe located in the cormer. Destructive weld tests on tubular
6.3 The weld shall not be located within the radius of thecorners of any tubular shapes unless specified by the purchaser.
inside flash. Nom 2Welded tubing is normally furnished without removal of the
tubing to be stress relieved or annealed. 6.4 Except as required by 6.5 it shall be permissible for the
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Telesnghm Round Square Rectangular and Special Tubular Shapes Grade B Grade C Grade DYield strength min psi psi [MPa] 58 000 [400] 62 000 [425] 58 000 [400]Elongation in 2 in [50 [MPa] 46 000 [315] 50 000 [345] 21# 36000 [250]mm min %℃ 23 23
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Grades B and D Composition % Grade CElement Analysis Heat Analysis lonpoid Analysis Hest Analysis ProduetCarbon maxa 0.26 0.30 0.23 0.27Sufur max Mangsnese max^ Phosphorus max 0.035 0.035 1.35 0.045 0.045 1.40 0.035 0.035 1.36 0.045 0.045 1.40Copper min 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.18
Agples to ecied wltcke (） qus to or greter than 0.180in [4.57mm]. For lighter speciied wal thicknesses the minimum elongation values shall be cslculated by the fomula: percemt elongation in 2 in [50 mm] = 61 12 rounded to the nearest percent. For A500M use the following formula: 2.4f 12 rounded to the neareet percent.
For ech reduclion 0.01 erage point below the specied maxmm fr% 09'1 pue sis/eue eoy q % 05'I μo unupxew e o; dn peguued s esouefuew carbon an increase of 0.06 percentsge point sbove he specified maximum for' copper-containing steel is speciied in the purchase order. by product analysis.
mm]. For ighter specifed wal thicknesses the minimum elongation values shall be by agreement with the manufacturer. Applies to specied wal thicknesses (t) equal to or greaterthan 0.120 in. [3.05
CTheminmum elngation vlues specified appy nly to tests perfomed prior to shipment of the tubing.
tool shall not have a weld relief groove. Cracking in the cornersnot grounds for rejection. of square rectangular or other tubular shapes after flaring is
shapes that are not round square or rectangular are to beagreed upon in advance between the producer and purchase.
in. [100 mm] in length shall be flattened cold between parallel 10.2 For welded structural tubing a test specimen at least 4direction of force. During the first step which is a test for plates in three steps with the weld located 90° from the line ofductility of the weld no cracks or breaks on the inside oroutside surfaces of the test specimen shall be present until the distance between the plates is less than two-thirds of thespecified outside diameter of the tubing. For the second step. no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside parent metalsurfaces of the test specimen except as provided for in 10.5. shall be present until the distance between the plates is lessthan one-half of the specified outside diameter of the tubing.During the third step which is a test for soundness the flattening shall be continued until the test specimen breaks orthe opposite walls of the test specimen meet. Evidence of laminated or unsound material or of inplete weld that isrevealed during the entire flattening test shall be cause forrejection.
10.7 Wedge Crush Tesr-A test specimen at least 4 in. [100mm] in length shall be placed under the hydraulic press ram with the weld directly underneath the tapered ram wedge. Thetapered ram wedge shall be tapered at 30° and rounded at thecontact point to a / in. radius. No cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces of the test specimen shall be presentuntil the tube has collapsed to at least one half its specified dimension.
10.8 Other destructive weld tests may be requested in lieu ofor in addition to the tests listed. The purchaser should contact the producer to determine their availability.
11. Permssible Variations in Dimensions
11.1 Outside Dinensions:
not vary more than ±0.5 % rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. 11.1.1 Rouned Stracneral TabingThe outside diameter shalloutside diameters 1.900 in. [48 mm] and smaller and [0.1 mm] from the specified outside diameter for specifiedspecified outside diameter for specified outside diameters 2.00 ± 0.75 % rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. [0.1 mm] from thein. [5 cm] and larger. The outside diameter measurements shallbe made at positions at least 2 in. [5 cm] from the ends of the tubing.
10.3 For seamless round structural tubing 2% in. [60 mm]21 in. [65 mm] in length shall be flattened cold between specified outside diameter and larger a specimen not less thanparallel plates in two steps. During the first step which is a testsurfaces except as provided for in 10.5 shall occur until the for ductility no cracks or breaks on the inside or outsidecalculated by the following equation: distance between the plates is less than the value of “H°
side dimensions measured across the flats at positions at least 11.1.2 Square andl Rectangalar Strucfaral TuabingThe out-2 in. [5 cm] from the ends of the tubing shall not vary from theamount given in Table 3 which includes an allowance for specified outside dimensions by more than the applicableconvexity or concavity.
(1)
where:
H = distance between flattening plates in. [mm] e = deformation per unit length (constant for a given grade= specified wall thickness of tubing in. [mm] and of steel 0.07 for Grade B and 0.06 for Grade C) D = specified outside diameter of tubing in. [mm].
11.2 Wall ThticknessThe minimum wall thickness exclud-ing the weld seam of welded tubing if supplied with the insidethe specified wall thickness If the welded tubing is supplied flash not being removed shall be not more than 10 % less thanincluded in the wall thickness measurement and shall be not with the inside flash removed then the weld seam shall be
flattening shall be continued until the specimen breaks or the During the second step which is a test for soundness the unsound material that is revealed during the entire flattening opposite walls of the specimen meet. Evidence of laminated ortest shall be cause for rejection.
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Flat Dimensions for Square and Rectangular Structural Tubing
10.4 Surface imperfections not found in the test specimenbefore flattening but revealed during the first step of theflattening test shall be judged in accordance with Section 15.
Specifed Outside Lasrge Flat Dimension in. [mm] Over and Under Specified Permissible VariatonsOutside Flat Dimensions， in. [mm]21% [65] or under Over 21 to 315 [65 to 90] incl 0.020 [0.5] 0.025 [0.6]Over 5%[140] Over 3% to 53e [90 to 140] incl 0.01 fmes large fal 0.030 [0.8]dimension
oo qeuosen snooo p psodus 10.5 When low D-to- ratio tubulars are tested because theinside surface at the 6 and 12 o’clock locations cracks at these locations shall not be cause for rejection if the D-to-f ratio isless than 10.
The pemsble vriations inude allwances fr coexily and concavity Forrectangulartubing hang a ratio ofutside large to smal fa dimension less than 1.5 and for square ubing the pemissible variations in smallflat dimenion shall e e u se d o ji tubing having a ratio of outside large to smallfat dimension in the range of 1.5 t0the pemissle varisfions in le lt dmen For rectangulsrtbing hainga 3.0 inclusive the pemissible variations in smallflat dimension shall be 1.5 timesvaristions in smallflat dimension shall be 2.0 fimes the pemissible variations in large flat dimension.
10.6 Flaring TesA section of tube shallstand being flaredwith a tool having a 60° included angle until the weld area hasbeen expanded a minimum of 15 % of the inside dimension for rounds and squares without any cracking in the weld area. Forrectangles the side containing the weld area and the side opposite the weld area shall be expanded a minimum of 15 %based on the average of the smallest and largest insidedimensions without any cracking in the weld area. The cone
more than 10 % less than the specified wall thickness. Themaximum wall thickness excluding the weld seam of weldedtubing shall be not more than 10 % greater than the specified wall thickness. For square and rectangular tubing the wallthickness requirements shall apply only to the centers of the flats.
11.3 LengrhStructural tubing is normally produced inrandom lengths 5 ft [1.5 m] and over in multiple lengths and in specific lengths. Refer to Section 4. When specific lengthsare ordered the length tolerance shall be in accordance with Table 4.
11.4 Ssraighoness-The permissible variation for straight-ness of structural tubing shall be / in. times the number of feet [10 mm times the number of metres] of total length divided by5.
tural tubing adjacent sides shall be square (90°) with a 11.5 Sqareness of SidesFor square and rectangular struc-permissible variation of ±2° max.
tural tubing the radius of each outside cormer of the section 11.6 Racdius of Corners-For square and rectangular struc-shall not exceed three times the specified wall thickness.
11.7 Twisr-For square and rectangular structural tubing.the permissible variations in twist shall be as given in Table 5.Twist shall be determined by holding one end of the tubing down on a flat surface plate measuring the height that eachcorner on the bottom side of the tubing extends above the surface plate near the opposite ends of the tubing andcalculating the twist (the difference in heights of such cormers) except that for heavier sections it shall be permissible to use a suitable measuring device to determine twist. Twist measure-tubing. ments shall not be taken within 2 in. [5 cm] of the ends of the
12. Special Structural Tubular Shapes
12.1The availability dimensions and tolerances of specialnegotiation with the manufacturer. structural tubular shapes shall be subject to inquiry and
13. Number of Tests
13.1 One tension test as specified in Section 15 shall bemade from a length of tubing representing each lot.
made on one length of round tubing from each lot. 13.2 The flattening test as specified in Section 10 shall be
13.3 The term “lot" shall apply to all tubes of the samespecified size that are produced from the same heat of steel.
TABLE 4 Length Tolerances for Specific Lengths of StructuralTubing
22 [6.5 m] Over 22O and Under Under Over [6.5 m] UnderLength tolerance for specific lengths in. [mm] [13] 14 [] [19] 5 [6]
14. Retests
15. Test Methods
16. Inspection
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Twist for Square andRectangular Structural Tubing
Msximum Permissibleopsro peoodg Wm u suogeyes per 3 ft of LengthFiat Dimension in. [mm] [Twist per Motre of Length] in. [mm]11 [40] and under 0.050 [1.3]Over 11 to 21s [40 to 65] indl Over 2% to 4 [65 to 100 incl 0.062 0.075 [1.6] [1.9]Over 4 to 6 [100 to 150] inc Over 6 to 8 [150 to 200] incl 0.087 0.100 [2.2] [2.5]Over 8 [200] 0.112 [2.8]
14.1 If the results of the mechanical tests representing anylot fail to conform to the applicable requirements specified inSections 9 and 10 the lot shall be rejected or retested using additional tubing of double the original number from the lot.representing the lot conform to the specified requirements. The lot shall be acceptable if the results of all such retests
14.2 If one or both of the retests specified in 14.1 fail toand 10 the lot shall be rejected or subsequent to the manu- conform to the applicable requirements specified in Sections 9facturer heat treating reworking or otherwise eliminating thea new lot and tested accordingly. condition responsible for the failure the lot shall be treated as
15.1 Tension test specimens shall conform to the applicablerequirements of Test Methods and Definitions A370 Annex A2.
test specimens or longitudinal strip test specimens. For welded 15.2 Tension test specimens shall be fullsize longitudinalfrom a location at least 90° from the weld and shallbe prepared tubing any longitudinal strip test specimens shall be takenwithout flattening in the gage length. Longitudinal strip test specimens shall have all burrs removed. Tension test specimens shall not contain surface imperfections that would interferewith proper determination of the tensile properties.
of the gage length or to a total extension under load of 0.5 % 15.3 The yield strength corresponding to an offset of 0.2 %of the gage length shall be determined.
ture to ensure conformance to the requirements of this speci- 16.1 All tubing shall be inspected at the place of manufac-fication. The dimensional tolerances shall be inspected in accordance with the Steel Tube Institute’s Methods to CheckDimensional Tolerances on Hollow Structural Sections.
workmanlike finish. 16.2 All tubing shall be free from defects and shall have a
when their depth reduces the remaining wall thickness to less 16.2.1 Surface imperfections shall be classed as defectsthan 90 % of the specified wall thickness. It shall be permis-sible for defects having a depth not in excess of 331/s % of the
17. Rejection
18. Certification
specified wall thickness to be repaired by welding subject tothe following conditions:
ping or grinding to sound metal 16.2.1.1 The defect shall be pletely removed by chip-
hydrogen welding process and 16.2.1.2 The repair weld shall be made using a low-
produce a workmanlike finish. 16.2.1.3 The projecting weld metal shall be removed to
16.2.2 Surface imperfections such as handling marks lightdie or roll marks or shallow pits are not considered defects provided that the imperfections are removable within thespecified limits on wall thickness. The removal of such surface imperfections is not required. Welded tubing shall be free ofprotruding metal on the outside surface of the weld seam.
structural tubing shall be furnished with square cut ends with 16.3 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order the burr held to a minimum. When so specified in the purchase order the burr shall be removed on the outside diameter insidediameter or both.
tubing received from the manufacturer and reject any tubing 17.1 It shall be permissible for the purchaser to inspectupon the inspection and test methods outlined herein. The that does not meet the requirements of this specification basedpurchaser shall notify the manufacturer of any tubing that hasbeen rejected and the disposition of such tubing shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-chaser.
17.2 It shall be permissible for the purchaser to set aside anytubing that is found in fabrication or installation within thescope of this specification to be unsuitable for the intended end use based on the requirements of this specification. Thepurchaser shall notify the manufacturer of any tubing that has been set aside. Such tubing shall be subject to mutual investi-gation as to the nature and severity of the deficiency and the forming or installation or both conditions involved. In situa-tions concerning disputes on dimensional measurements theances on Hollow Structural Sections shall be used as the Steel Tube Institute’s Methods to Check Dimensional Toler-to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. referee method. The disposition of such tubing shall be subject
18.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract themanufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser a certificate offication and any other requirements designated in the purchase sampled tested and inspected in accordance with this speci-order or contract and was found to meet all such requirements.Certificates of pliance shall include the specification num- ber and year of issue.
manufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser test reports for the 18.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract the
product shipped that contain the heat analyses and the results ofthe tension tests required by this specification and the purchaseorder or contract. Test reports shall include the specification number and year of issue.
18.3 A signature or notarization is not required on certifi-shall clearly identify the organization submitting them. Not- cates of pliance or test reports; however the documentssubmitting the document is responsible for its content. withstanding the absence of a signature the organization
18.4 A certificate of pliance or test report printed from or used in electronic form from an electronic data interchange (EDI) shall be regarded as having the same validity as acounterpart printed in the certifying organization’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted document shall conform to anyfacturer. existing EDI agreement between the purchaser and the manu-
19. Product Marking
19.1 Except as noted in 19.2 cach length of structuraltion: manufacturer’s name brand or trademark; the specifica- tubing shall be legibly marked to show the following informa-tion designation (year of issue not required); and grade letter.
19.2 For sructural tubing having a specified outside diam-eter or large flat dimension of 4 in. [10 cm] or less it shall bepermissible for the information listed in 19.1 to be marked on a tag securely attached to each bundle.
19.3 Bar Coding-In addition to the requirements in 19.1and 19.2 the manufacturer shall have the option of using bar sspecific bar coding system is specified in the purchase orde that system shall be used.
Nore 3In the absence of anther bar coing systm being specifed inthe purchase order it is remended that bar coding be consistent with AIAG Standard B-1.
20. Packing Marking and Loading
marking and loading shall be in accordance with Practices 20.1 When specified in the purchase order packaging.A700.
21. Government Procurement
21.1 When specified in the contract material shall bepreserved packaged and packed in accordance with the re-quirements of MIL-STD-163 with applicable levels being specified in the contract. Marking for shipment of suchcivil agencies and MIL-STD-129 or Federal Std. No. 183 if materials shall be in accordance with Federal Std. No. 123 forcontinuous marking is required.
the manufacturer shall be responsible for the performance of all 21.2 InspectionUnless otherwise specified in the contract applicable inspection and test requirements specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in the contract the manufacturershall use its own or any other suitable facilities for theperformance of such inspections and tests.
