An ACl Standard
QualificationofPost-lnstalled AdhesiveAnchorsin Concrete (ACl355.4-19) and Commentary
Reported byACl Committee355
Qualification of Post-Installed Adhesive Anchorsin Concrete and Commentary
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QualificationofPost-lnstalledAdhesiveAnchors inConcrete(ACl355.4-19)andCommentary
An ACI Standard
ReportedbyAClCommittee355
Lee W. Matis Chair
Moezer M. Allam Neal S. AndersonJacques A. BerrandPeter JI. Carato T.J. BlandHarry A. Chambers*RolfEligehausen Ronald A. Cook
Wemer A F. Fachs Branko GalunicBrian C. GerberAndra Hoermann-Gast Herman L GravesBrent E. Hungerford Amy S. Kolczak
Consulting mebers
Coerad PaslsenDan R. StoppenhagenHarry Wiewel*
‘Decesed
CONTENTS
This stndord prescibes eting programs d evgtion reqirements forpost-installed adhesive onchors intended for use in concrete ander the design prvisios of AC 318. Testing nd esmen crierie are prvidedfovri conits of ing seisc fing: dfoing: aggresive ewiroments; redsced and elefed temperatres; and fordefeining eher recceptbe fr μse kef cme omly or aceprble for sevie borh in crackedf and sckedf concree.Criteri are prvided fr esablishing the chteristic ond strength. redctionsfor adverse conditios and fe anchor category and associatedjob-site quoliy control reirements.
Chapter 1-Introduction and scope p.3
1.1-Introduction1.2-Scope 1.3-Units of measurement
2.1-Notation2.2-Defintions
Chapter 2-Notation and definitions p.5
Keywords: adhesive anchors; cracked concrete; fastemers; post-installed anchors; qualffcation procedures; uncracked concrete.
Chapter3-General requirements p.12
3.i-Test organization3.3-Test requirements 3.2Variables and options3.4Assessment for multiple anchor element types for3.5-Assessment for alternate drilling methods adhesive anchors
are intended for guidance in planning designing executing and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the ACI Coemmittee Reports Guides Manuals and Commentariesuse of individuals who are petent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and remendationsand who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaimsshall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom. any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute
documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part ofthe contract documents they Reference to this document shall not be made in contractthe Arehitect/Engineer. shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by
anchorinstallation and testing p.18 Chapter4-Requirements for test specimens
4.1-Testing by ITEA and manufacturer4.2-Test samples4.3-Concrete for test members 4.4Requirements for test members4.5-Anchor installation 4.6-Drill bit requirements4.7-Test methods4.9-Changes to products 4.8-Tests in cracked concrete
p.25 Chapter5-Requirementsfor anchoridentification
5.1-Basic requirements5.2-Verification5.3--Fingerprinting adhesive materials 5.4-Packaging
Chapter 6-Reference tests p.25
6.1-Purpose 6.2Required tests6.3-Conduct of tests
Chapter 7-Reliability tests p.26
7.1-Purpose 7.2-Required tests7.3-Conduct of tests7.4-Reliability tests 7.5-Sensitivity to hole cleaning-dry concrete7.6-Sensitivity to hole cleaningsaturated concrete 7.7-Sensitivity to hole cleaning-water-filled hole7.8-Sensitivity to hole cleaningsubmerged concrete7.9Sensitivity to mixing effot 7.10Sensitivity to installation in water-saturated concrete7.11-Sensitivity to installation in water-filled hole7.12Sensitivity to installation in submerged concrete saturated concrete7.13Sensitivity to crack width-low-strength concrete 7.14-Sensitivity to crack widthhigh-strength concrete7.16Sensitivity to freezing and thawing 7.15Sensitivity to crack width cycling7.17Sensitivity to sustained loading at standard and7.18Sensitivity to installation direction maximum long-term temperature7.19Torque test
Chapter 8-Service-condition tests p.33
8.1Purpose 8.2Required tests8.3-Conduct of tests 8.4-Tension tests in uncracked and cracked concrete8.5-Tension tests at elevated temperature8.6-Tension tests with decreased installation temperature 8.7--Establishment of cure time at standard temperature8.9-Verification of full concrete capacity in a er 8.8Durability assessment8.10-Determination of minimum spacing and edgedistance to preclude splitting
8.11Tests to determine shearcapacity ofanchor elementswith nonuniform cross section8.12-Simulated seismic tension tests 8.13-Simulated seismic shear tests
Chapter 9-Supplemental tests p.39
9.1-Round-robin tests 9.2-Tests to determine minimum member thickness
Chapter 10-Assessment of anchors p.40
10.1-Analysis of data10.2-Normalization of anchor capacities for measured concrete bond and steel strengths10.3-Establishing characteristic values 10.4Assessment of characteristic tension capacityassociated with concrete breakout and pullout10.5-Assessment of steel tension capacity 10.6Assessment of steel shear capacity10.8-Assessment of maximum tightening torque 10.7Assessment of minimum member thickness10.9-Assessment of behavior under crack cycling10.10-Assessment of freezing-and-thawing behavior 10.11Assessment of sustained load behavior10.12-Assessment of performance associated with installation direction10.13Assessment of performance at elevated temperature10.14Assessment of performance with decreased installation temperature10.15Assessment for cure time at standard temperature10.16Assessment of durability requirement 10.17-Assessment of performance in corner test10.18Assessment of performance in minimum spacing and edge distance test10.19Assessment of performance under seismic tension 10.20Assessment of performance under seismic shear10.21Establishment of hole cleaning procedures10.22Establishment of on-site quality control and installation conditions10.23-Assessment based on installation and environmental conditions10.24Assessment for fire exposure
Chapter 11-Data presentation p.52
11.1-General requirements 11.2-Contents of evaluation report11.3Data presentation
Chapter 12-Independent testing and evaluationagency requirements p.54 12.1-General requirements12.2-Certification
Chapter13-Quality control requirements p.55 13.1-Quality assurance program13.2-Quality control manuals 13.3-Special inspection
14.1Referenced standards and reports14.2-Cited references
Chapter 14-References p.55
1.1-Introduction
1.2-Scope
CHAPTER1-INTRODUCTION
for post-installed adhesive anchor systems intended for use This standard prescribes testing and evaluation requirementsseparately prescnibed to determine the suitability of adhesive in concrete under the provisions of ACI 318. Criteria areanchors used in uncracked concrete only or in both crackedthe design parameters and perfomance category for adhesive and uncracked concrete. Criteria are prescribed to determineanchors. Included are assessments of the adhesive anchor system for bond strength reliability service conditions andquality control. Special inspection (13.3) is required duringoverview of the scope. anchor installation as noted in 10.22. Table 1.1 provides an
required to qualify post-installed adhesive anchor systems R1.1 This standard prescribes the testing programsfor design in accordance with ACI 318 Chapter 17. Chapterin uncracked concrete or for use in cracked and uncracked 17 requires that anchors be tested either for use exclusivelyconcrete conditions whereby it is understood that the pres- ence of cracking may occur at cany time over the service lijfeof the anchors. Test and assessment criteria are provided forvarious conditions including loads (seismic and sustained) environmental with regard to humidity and temperature cnddetermination f anchors are acceptable for se n cracked or uncracked concrete. Refer to Cook and Konz (2001) for αreview of factors that infauence adhesive anchor behavior.Refer to Fuchs et al. (1995) for background on the concrete breakout design model and to Eligehausen et al. (2006) andadhesive and grouted anchors. For α discussion of issues Zamora et al. (2003) for a discussion of bond models forassociated with the qualification cand design of systems forpost-installed reinforcing bars refer to Spieth et al. (2001).
This standard applies only to post-installed adhesiveanchors as defined herein.
nation of adhesion and mechanical bond (micro-interlock). R1.2 Adhesive anchors resist tension loads with α bi-range of performnce characteristics. In particlar the Different anchor designs and adhesive types may exhibit αsensitiviry of adhesive anchors to variations in instaflationcnd service-condition parameters (such as hole cleaning. installation orientation and cracked concrete characteristics)may vary widely from each system. ACI 318 adresses this situation by matching capacity reduction factors to anchorperformance categories that are in turn establishedthrough a series of reliabiliry tests.
1.2.1 This standard applies to anchors with a diameter dof 1/4 in. or larger. The drilled hole shallbe aproximately cylindrical with a diameter d ≤ 1.5d.. This standard alsoapplies to anchors with an anchor embedment depth he notless than four diameters (4d) or 1-5/8 in. and an embedment depth not exceeding 20da
R1.2.1 The minimum diameter of 1/4 in. is based onpractical considerations regarding the limit of structural anchor applications. The upper limit on the ratio of holedliameter to anchor element diameter provides cα dlemcrcation
Table 1.1-Overview of anchor systems
Anchor Embedded part Assessment criteriatype Threaded rods deformed Uncracked Table 3.1Adhsive anchor reinforing bars ar iner- nally threaded steel sleeves Cracked and concrete Table 3.2 orwith exteral defoemations uncracked concrete Table 3.3
between condlitions where α single bond strength can be used to evaluate anchor strength and conditions where bondsfrengrhs at both the anchor interface and concrete interface must be determined to evaluate anchor strength. In addirion the vale of 1.5d is based on consideration oftypical practicelines to limit both adhesive shrinkage and creep of the whereby most organic adhesives are used with thin bondcnchor when under load. The design method deemed to satisfy the cnchor design requirements of ACI 318 Chapter 17 is based on an analysis of an anchor database with αmaximum diameter of 2 in. While ACI 355.4 gives no limitations on maximum anchor diameter for anchorsbeyond this dimension the testing authority should decide if the tests described in this standard are applicable or ifalternative tests and analyses are more approprite It maymedium and large diameters are tested when the upper αlso be desirable to reconsider those tests where only small dicmeter is much larger than I-1/2 in.
A limitation on the minimum embedment length of adhesivecnchors is necessary to ensaore conformance with the designmethod deemed to sarisfy the anchor design reguirements of ACI 318 Chapter 17.
than the value given by Eq. (10-21). Values of in Eq. (10-21) 1.2.2 The minimum member thickness shall not be lessessqp dqTable 3.1 Test no. 14 and Table 3.2 Test no. 20 or Table 3.3 Test no. 15.
and use conditions: 1.2.3 Thistandard does not adressthe following systems
1. Bulk adhesives mixed in open containers without auto-ponents. matically controlled metering and mixing of adhesive2. Adhesives to adhere structural clements to concrete3. Adhesive anchors in aggressive environments not surfaces outside of a drilled hole.4. Adhesive anchors to resist fatigue or shock loading. specifically considered in this standard.5. Injection-type adhesive anchor systems for horizontaland upwardly inclined installations that do not employ a piston plug or similar device to provide back pressureduring the adhesive injcction process.
odadhesive ponents is critical to their performance. Bulk mixing cnd delivery of adhesives (for example those with pacdedle mixers in buckets) while appropriate for some appli-cations may not provide anchor performance consistentwith the assumptions of this standard. These systems are not considered to provide controlled metering of adhesiveponents. Bulk dispensing equipment that provides
