HardenedSteelWashersInchandMetricDimensions1 StandardSpecificationfor
This standard is issed nder the fixed designation F436/F436M:; the number immediatly fellowing the designatio indicates the yar A supersript epsiloe (e) indicates an editoeial change since the last revisice or reaproval.
of original adoption or in the case of revision the year of last revisin. A number in parentheses inicates the year of last reaproval.
This hr b rd fr asr b nger f e US. Dprmnr of Deee.
1. Scope*
fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inchregarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesstandard. from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
1.1 This specification covers the chemical mechanical anddimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for usewith fasteners having nominal thread diameters of % through 4 in. and M12 through M100. These washers are intended forgeneral-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts nuts studs and other internally and externally threaded fasteners.These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A354 and F3125.
safery concerns if any associated with its use. lt is the 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-biliry of regulatory linmitations prior to use. priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.2 The washers are designated by rype denoting the o y q pe ‘aus Sup aas q ee dimensions.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
2.Referenced Documents
1.2.1.1 Type /-Carbon steel.
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
1.2.1.2 7ype 3Weathering steel.
A354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts Studs and Other Externally Threaded FastenersA588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel. up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum YieldA751 Test Methods Practices and Terminology for Chemi- Point with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistancecal Analysis of Steel ProductsB695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De- posited on Iron and SteelF606/F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Extermally and Internally ThreadedF1136/F1136M Specification for Zine/Aluminum Corrosion Fasteners Washers Direct Tension Indicators and RivetsProtective Coatings for FastenersF1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me- chanical Properties and Performance InspectionF2329 Specification for Zinc Coating Hot-Dip. Require- F1789 Terminology for Fl6 Mechanical Fastenersments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts F3125 Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts Steel Serews Washers Nuts and Special Threaded Fastenersand Alloy Steel. Heat Treated 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150
chemical position or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or 1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furmishing Type 3 tohigher at the suppliers option.
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1.2.2.1 Circalar-Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes %through 4 in. and M12 through M100 suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
rectangular in nominal sizes /≥ through 1/ in. M12 through 1.2.2.2 BeveledBeveled washers are square orM16 with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 ClippecdClipped washers are circular or beveledfor use where space limitations necesitate that one side be clipped.
ers in nominal sizes /2 through 4 in. with a nominal thickness 1.2.2.4 Exzra ThickExtra thick washers are circular wash-of /s in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
ksi (1040 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength Inch andMetric DimensionsG101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Re- sistance of Low-Alloy Steels
e ns s sidou fumish either a hot-dip zinc coating in accordance withSpecification F2329 or a mechanically deposited zinc coating in accordance with Specification B695 Class 55 or a Zinc/Specification F1136/F1136M Grade 3. Threaded ponents Aluminum Corrosion Protective Coating in accordance with(bolt and nuts) shall be coated by the same zinc-coating process m ad ssd uo on p s uodo sddns pueno mixed processes in a lot.
3. Ordering Information
tion shall include the following: 3.1 Orders for hardened steel washers under this specifica-
3.1.2 Quantity (number of pieces by size)
be returmed to the manufacturer for testing prior to shipment to 4.4 If washers are heat treated by a subcontractor they shallthe purchaser.
3.1.3 Type and Style (see 1.2.1 and 1.2.2)
3.1.3.2 When the type is not specified either Type 1 or Type 3.1.3.1 Material type of washer (that is Type 1 or Type 3)
5. Chemical Composition
3 washers may be supplied when permited by the purchaser. 3.1.4 When galvanized or zinc/aluminum washers arespecified specify the type of galvanizing such as hot-dip ormechanical (see 4.3).
sition specified in Table 1. 5.1 Type 1 washers shall conform to the chemical po-
5.2 Type 3 washers shall conform to the heat analysisspecified in Table 1. Alteratively at the suppliers option 3 washers having a Copper minimum Heat Analysis of 0.25% Index of 6 or higher as calculated from the Heat Analysis as Phosphorous and Sulfur conforming to Table 1 and a Corrosiondescribed in Guide G101 Predictive method based on the data of Larabee and Cobum shall be accepted.
3.1.4.1 When the type of galvanizing is not specified themanufacturer at his option may funish hot-dip or mechani- cally galvanized washers.
3.1.4.2 When atmospheric corrosion resistance is required Type 3 washers shall be specified by the purchaser.
3.1.5 Dimensions nominal size and other dimensions ifmodified from those covered in this specification
5.3 For Type 1 and 3 furmished to the Chemical Composi-tions in Table 1 Product Analysis may be made by the purchaser on finished washers representing each lot. TheChemical Composition shall conform to the requirements inTable 1 Product Analysis.
3.1.5.1 Standard thickness shall be supplied unless extrathick is specified.
3.1.6 Specify if inspection at point of manufacture isrequired
3.1.7 Specify if manufacturer’s certification or test reports or both are required and
5.4 Product Analysis are not applicable to Type 3 washersfumished to a CRI of 6 or higher calculated from the Heat Analysis.
3.1.8 Special requirements.
3.1.9 Surface roughness control (See S1).
4. Materials and Manufacture
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements^
4.1 Steel used in the manufacture of washers shall beproduced by the open-bearth basic-oxygen or electric-fumace process.
Composition %Element Type 1 Type 3#Phosphonus max Heat analysis 0.040 0.040Sulfur max Prduct analysis 0.050 0.050 0.045 0.050Slicon Product snalyis Heat analysis 0.060 0.055Product analysis Heat analysis .. 0.15-035 0.130.37Chromium Product snalysis Heat analysis .. 0.450.65 0.420.68Nickel Heat analysis 0.250.45Copper Product snalysis ... 0.220.48Product analysis Heat analysis 0.25-0.45 0.220.48
and M36 for metric fasteners shall be through hardened. 4.2 Washers up to and including 1% in. for inch fastenersWashers over 1/s in. for inch fasteners and M36 for metricfasteners may be either through hardened or carburized at the option of the manufacturer.
Zinc/Alaina Corrosion Protective Coating: 4.3 Zinc Coatings Hor-Dip and Mechanically Deposited
shall specify the zinc coating process for example hot-dip. mechanically deposited Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion ProtectiveCoating or no preference.
4.3.2 When hot-dip is specified the washers shall be zinccoated by the hot-dip process in accordance with the require-ments of Specification F2329.
Whenproviig WheringStes tosiculaed corosinnex se te Legault-Leckie fomula rom Glude G101.Link to onine calculator:
4.3.3 When mechanically deposited is specified the washersshall be zinc coated by the mechanical-deposition process in accordance with the requirements of Class 55 of SpecificationB695.
I 26.01 (% Cu) 3.88 (% N) 1.20 (% Cr)1.49 (% S) 17.28 (% P) 7.29 (% Cu) (% M) 9.10 (% N) (% P) 33.39 (% Cu)*
4.3.4 When Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion Protective Coatingis specified the washers shall be coated in accordance with therequirements of Grade 3 of Specification F1136/F1136M.
Wthn trsmyemfafmay h Iisted in Table 2 of Specification A588/A588M and F3125.
5.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods Practices and Terminology A751.
6. Mechanical Properties
to 45 HRC except when zinc-coated by the hot-dip process in 6.1 Through hardened washers shall have a hardness of 38which case they shall have a hardness of 26 to 45 HRC.
depth of 0.015 in. (inch series) or 0.38 mm (metric series) and 6.2 Carburized washers shall be carburized to a minimumshall have a surface hardness of 69 to 73 HRA or 79 to 83 HR15N except when zinc-coated by the hot-dip process into 83 HR15N. which case they shall have a hardness of 63 to 73 HRA or 73
6.3 Carburized and hardened washers shall have a minimumcore hardness of 30 HRC or 65 HRA.
7. Dimensions and Tolerances
to the dimensions shown in Table 2 and Table 4 (inch washers) 7.1 All circular and clipped circular washers shall conformand Table 5 and Table 7(metric washers).
7.2 All square beveled and clipped square beveled washersshall conform to the dimensions shown in Table 3 and Table 4(inch washers) and Table 6 and Table 7 (metric washers). In addition rectangular beveled and clipped rectangular beveledwashers shall conform to the dimensions shown in the appro- priate Table 3 and Table 4 (inch washers) or Table 6 and Table7 (metric washers) except that one side may be longer thanshown for the "A" dimension.
7.3 As a result of the punching process the inside diameterof the washer generally consists of three distinct sections. On the punch entry side of the washer there is some drawing in ofthe material resulting in a rounded corer section followingfinally at the exit side a tapered breakout may occur (see Fig. which is a substantially parallel a burnished depth section andinside diameter shall be within the limits specified in Table 2. 1). The parallel sided burmished depth section of the washerhowever the specified maximum inside diameter may beexceeded at the washer face on the breakout side by a maximum taper allowance of 25 % of the specified maximumwasher thickness for each size.
7.4 Unless otherwise stated in the inquiry or purchase order plain (uncoated) hardened steel circular washers shall befurnished. Where corrosion-preventive treatment is required washers shall be coated as agreed upon between the manufac-turer and the purchaser.
8. Workmanship Finish and Appearance
8.1 Washers shall be free of excess mill scale excesscoatings and foreign material on bearing surfaces. Arc and gascut washers shall be free of metal spatter.
9. Sampling and Number of Tests
9.1 Each lot shall be tested by the manufacturer prior toshipment in accordance with the lot control as described in 9.4.1 and 9.4.2 and Table 6.
enu a ue o anos e q podns u 1'16turer or processed by an outside supplier the responsible party
shall assure that all tests have been performed and the washersconform to this specification.
shall furnish a test report for the lot as defined in 9.4.1. 9.2 When specified in the purchase order the manufacturer
9.3 When weathering steels are furnished to Corrosionheat. Resistance Index the CRI number shall be calculated for each
9.4 When the purchaser requires that additional tests beperformed by the manufacturer to determine that the properties of products in an individual shipment are within specifiedincluding the sampling plan and basis of acceptance in the limits the purchaser shall specify the testing requirements inquiry and purchase order.
9.4.1 The lot for purposes of selecting samples shallconsist of all washers offered for inspection and testing at onetime that are the same type style nominal size same raw material heat number same nominal post treatment (heat treatment coating or both) and surface finish.
9.4.2 Samples from each lot shall be selected at random andtested for each requirement in accordance to Table 8.
10. Test Methods
10.1 Hardness:
10.1.1 Nor-carburized WashersA minimum of two read-ings shall be taken 180° apart on at least one face at a minimum depth of 0.015 in. (inch series) or 0.38 mm (metric series).
10.1.2 Carburized Washers-A minimum of two readingsshall be taken 180° apart on at least one face.
10.2 Hardness tests shall be performed in accordance withthe Rockwell test method specified in Test Methods F606/F606M.
10.3 Corrosion Resistance Index:
from the Heat Analysis in accordance with G101 Prediction 10.3.1 The corrosion Resistance Index shall be calculatedMethod based on the data of Larabee and Cobum.
11. Inspection
all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the 11.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser's inspectormaterial is being produced and fumished in accordance withthis specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s operations. Alltests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture unless otherwise agreed to.
11.2 If other than the normal inspection for continuous massproduction of parts as stipulated in 9.1 is required by the purchaser it shall be specified in the inquiry and contract order.
12. Rejection and Rehearing
12.1 Disposition of nonconforming washers shall be inNonconforming Lots." accordance with Guide F1470 section titled “Disposition of
13. Certification and Test Report
13.1 When specified on the purchase order a manufactur-er's certificate of conformance or a test report or both that the
] 1Clipped Circular Circular and Extra Thick Nominal Washero Size lnch Inside Diameler (LO) Inch Outside Dismeter (O.0.J Inch Thickneses Standsrd (T)Inch Thicknes Extra Thick (7) Inch Minimum Edge Clippedmin max min max min max min max Distance (E)0.281 0.344 0.406 0.313 0.376 0.438 0.656 0.593 0.781 0.657 0.720 0.845 0.051 0.051 0.051 0.080 0.080 0.080 ... ... ... ... 0.281 0.219 0.344% 0.469 0.531 0.501 0.563 0.890 1.031 0.964 1.095 0.051 0.097 0.080 0.177 0.305 0.375 0.406 0.4385% 0.625 0.688 0.657 0.720 1.156 1.281 1.220 1.345 0.110 0.122 0.177 0.177 0.306 0.305 0.375 0.375 0.500 0.563% 0.813 0.938 0.845 0.970 1436 1.718 1.500 1.782 0.122 0.136 0.177 0.177 0.305 0.306 0.375 0.375 0.656 0.7811 1% 1% 1.063 1.188 1.375 1.126 1.251 1.438 1.937 2.187 2.437 2.063 2.313 2.563 0.136 0.136 0.136 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.305 0.306 0.305 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.875 1.000 1.0941% 116 1.500 1.625 1.563 1.688 2.687 2.937 2.813 3.063 0.136 0.136 0.177 0.177 0.306 0.305 0.375 0.375 1.219 1.3132% 2 1% 1.875 2.125 1.938 2.188 3.312 3.687 3.438 3.813 4.063 0.178e 0.1786 0.24 0.28 0.286 0.34 0.306 0.305 0.305 0.375 0.375 0.375 2.000 1.531 1.7502% 21% 2.375 2.625 2.875 2.438 2.688 2.938 3.937 4.437 4.937 4.563 5.063 0.24 0.24 0.34 0.34 0.313 0.313 0.375 0.375 2.4056 2.1883 3% 3.125 3.375 3.188 3.500 5.437 5.875 5.563 6.125 0.24C 0.24C 0.34° 0.34C 0.313 0.313 0.375 0.375 2.625 2.8753 4 3% 3.625 3.875 4.125 3.750 4.000 4.250 6.375 6.875 7.375 6.625 7.125 7.625 0.24 0.24C 0.24 0.34 0.34C 0.34 0.313 0.313 0.375 0.375 0.375 3.063 3.313 3.500
ein. nominal.in nominal. Nominal washer sizes are intended for use with fasteners of the same nominal thread size.
TABLE 3 Hardened Beveled Washers (Inch Washers)
Nom: 1Tolerances are as noted in Table 4.
Square Squsre CippedSquare Beveled and Clipped Square Beveleda Nominal Inside Mesn Thickness Slope or Taptr in Nominal Edge ClippedBott Size in. Dimension (A) in. eprS Diameter (LD.) in. (7) in. Thicines Distance (E) 0 in.% % 1.718 1.718 min 1.782 1.782 max 0.531 0.688 min 0.563 0.720 max 0.312 0.312 1:6 1:6 0.438 0.562% % 1.718 1.718 1.782 1.782 0.812 0.938 0.844 0.970 0.312 0.312 1:6 1:6 0.6561% 1 1.718 2.187 1.782 2.313 1.125 1.250 1.188 1.313 0.312 0.312 1:6 1:6 0.781 0.8751% 1% 1% 2.187 2.187 2.187 2.313 2.313 2.313 1.380 1.500 1.625 1.563 1.688 1.443 0.312 0.312 0.312 1:6 1:6 1:6 1.000 1.094 1.219
Recanl whrhfmtnishvexatneidyehnhhhdn sm o jo og woy wp ag ou o ue p g jou eus 3 of p
TABLE 4 Washer Dimensional Tolerances (Inch washers)
Dimensional Characteristics Nominal 12 through 3 In. Nominal Size Nominal Size >3 in.Flatness: max deviation from straightedge 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.032placed on cut side shall not exceed (in.) Concentricity in.: center of hole to outside diameter 0.030 FIR4 0.060 FIR^ 0.090 FIRA 0.250 FIR^Aeeewwl noqe pead gou leus ung adjacent washer surfasce more than (in.) 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
Ful indicator reading.
identified with the symbol *3" 15.3 Additionally Type 3 weathering steel washers shall be
material was manufactured and tested in accordance with this specification shall be fumished at the time of shipment.
13.2 Data contained in the test report shall include materialgrade hardness tests and calculated Corrosion Resistance Index when type 3 is furnished to a Corrosion ResistanceIndex.
15.4 Additional identification or distinguishing marks orboth may be used by the manufacturer.
the washer. 15.5 All marking symbols shall be depressed on one face of
14. Responsibility
15.6 Type and manufacturer’s or private label distributor'sidentification shall be separate and distinct. The two identifi- cations shall preferably be in different locations and when onthe same level shall be separated by at least two spaces.
14.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be theorganization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser.
15. Product Marking
washers the marking symbols may be removed. This is 15.7 It is possible that during the clipping of circularacceptable provided that the majority of washers in the lot stilldisplay the identification marks.
distinguishing marks to identify the manufacturer or private 15.1 Washers shall be marked with a symbol or otherlabel disributor as appropriate.
being metric size (metric series). Preferably the metric mark- 15.2 Additionally washers shall be marked to identify theiring shall be the symbol *M " but may be of other distinguish-ing design as determined by the manufacturer.
16. Packaging and Package Marking
16.1 Packaging:
