Ancient city protection technology and innovation 名城保护技术与创新 国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS) 文化线路宪章 国际古迹遗址理事会文化线路科学委员会(CIIC)制定 导言 “文化线路”(CulturalRoutes)作为遗产保护领域的前沿概念,代表了一种影响当前文化遗产 (CulturalProperties)演变和扩展的新思路,以及对文化遗产背景环境和相关区域的整体价值之重要 性的认同趋势,同时也揭示了拥有不同层面的文化遗产的宏观结构.
?1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. .cnki.net CAC 中國名城 CHIMA ANCIENT CIY 文化线路有时会由人们预先作为一个项目来计划,并因有很强大的力量来执行并实现某一特 殊目的(例如,印加和罗马帝国线路).
作为整体的跨文化意义:文化线路的概念暗示了作为整体的价值,要比单个部分简单相加的 ?1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. .cnki.net Ancient city protection technology and innovation 名城保护技术与创新 价值更大并赋予线路真正的意义.
?1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. .cnki.net CAC 中国名城 CHIMA ANCIENT CIY 文化线路的类型 文化线路可以划分如下: ●根据地域规模:地方性、全国性、地区性、洲际和跨洲际性.
?1994-2014 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. .cnki.net Ancient city protection technology and innovation 名城保护技术与创新 一保护、保存和管理文化线路的技术和方法,不论是传统还是新型的,都必须尊重真实性标 准.
ICOMOS XVII"ASSEMBLEE GENERALE PARIS 2011 JointICOMOS-TICCIHPrinciplesfor Principes conjointsICOMOs-TICCIH theConservationofIndustrial pour la conservation des sites Heritage Sites Structures Areas and constructions aires et paysages du Landscapes patrimoineindustriel The Dublin Principles> αLes principes de Dublin> Adopted by the 17th ICOMOS General Assembly on Adoptees par la 17e Assemblée generale de I’IcOMOS 28 November 2011 le 28 novembre 2011 Preamble Preambule Around the World a great diversity of sites Atravers le monde la aste diversite de sites de structures plexes cities and settlements areas constructions de plexes de villes et landscapes and routes bear witness to human d’etablissements d'aires de paysages ou de routes activities of industrial extraction and production. In temoignent d’activites humaines d’'extraction et de many places this heritage is stillin use and production industrielles. En de nombreux endroits ce industrialisation is still an active process with a sense patrimoine est en operation et l°industrialisation of historical continuity while in other places it offers constitue un processus actif charge de continuite archaeological evidence of past activities and historique ailleurs des ressources archeologiques technologies. Besides the tangible heritage associated revelent les activites et technologies passees. Au with industrial technology and processes patrimoine materiel lie aux procedes et techniques de engineering architecture and town-planning it Iindustrie du genie civil de I′architecture ou de xea oedn aneasen upoqa sosa ee sapn skills memories and socialife of workers and their savoir-faire a la memoire ou a la vie sociale dles munities. ouvriers et de leurs munautes. The global process of industrialisation observed over Le processus global d'industrialisation observe au the past two centuries constitutes a major stage of cours des deux derniers siecles constitue une etape human history making its heritage particularly majeure de 'histoire humaine et son patrimoine revet important and critical to the Modern World. une importance significative dans le monde Precursors and beginnings of industrialisation can be contemporain. En plusieurs parties du monde les recognized in many parts of the world well back into precurseurs et les debuts de Findustrialisation sont ancient times through active or archaeological sites reconnus remontant aux periodes anciennes par des and our attention extends to any examples of such sites archeologiques ou actifs. Ces Principes conjoints process and its heritage. However for our purposes s'interessent a tout exemple de ce processus et de these joint principles' primary interests coincide with son patrimoine. Toutefois l'interet premier de ces the mon notions of the Modern Era Industrial Revolution marked by distinctive and dedicated de Revolution industrielle de I′ere moderne marquee production transportation and power-generating or par le developpement et utilisation de processus et harnessing processes and technologies trade and de technologies en matiere de production de mercial interactions and new social and cultural transport et de generation d’energie d'echanges patterns. merciaux et de pratiques sociales ou culturelles. The industrial heritage is highly vulnerable and often Le patrimoine industriel est tres vulnerable menace at risk often lost for lack of awareness de disparaitre faute de sensibilite de connaissance documentation recognition or protection but also de reconnaissance ou de protection sous I'effet d’une because of changing economic trends negative economie en mutation de perceptions negatives perceptions environmental ssues or its sheer size d’enjeux environnementaux ou de sa propre taille ou and plexity. Yet by extending the life-cycle of plexite. La conservation du patrimoine bati aa ppo pe sns ixa industriel prolonge pourtant la vie utile des conservation of the built industrial heritage can constructions et de I'investissement energetique contribute to achieving the goals of sustainable qu'elles representent. Sa contribution a la realisation development at the local national and international des objectifs du developpement durable local levels. It touches the social as well as the physical and national et international a ses dimensions sociales environmental aspects of development and should be physiques ou environnementales du developpement acknowledged as such. doit etre reconnue. Over the past decades growing research Au cours des dernieres decennies les progres de la lam se uoeadoo eudisipau pue euoau recherche de la cooperation internationale et as munity initiatives have greatly contributed to a interdisciplinaire et les initiatives munautaires ont better appreciation of the industrial heritage and contribue a valoriser le patrimoine industriel et la increased collaboration between stewards collaboration entre les detenteurs les interesses et stakeholders and professionals. This progress has les experts pour sa conservation. Ce progres a benefitted from the development of a corpus of beneficie d’un corpus de references et d'orientations international references and guidlelines by ICOMOS internationales elabore par I′IcOMOS (Conseil the International Council on Monuments and Sites international des monuments et des sites) et de la and the implementation of international mise en ceuvre d’'instruments internationaux dont la Heritage Convention adopted by UNESCO in 1972. In I°UNESCO en 1972. En 2003 le Comite international 2003 The International Committee for the pour la conservation du patrimoine industriel (TiCCIH) Conservation of Industrial Heritage (TICCIH) adopted adoptait la Charte de Nizhny Tagil un premier texte its Nizhny Tagil Charter for the Industrial Heritage a de reference international pour aider a la protection first international reference text of such recognition et la conservation du patrimoine industriel. to guide protection and conservation in the field. Acknowledging the particular nature of the industrial 1 Reconnaissant la nature particuliere du patrimoine heritage and the issues and threats affecting it as a industriel et des enjeux et menaces qui F affectent de result of its relation to the contemporary economic par sa relation avec I'economie les lois la culture ou legal cultural and environmental contexts ICOMOS les questions environnementales actuelles FICOMOS and TICCIH wish to expand their cooperation by et le TICCIH etendent leur cooperation en adoptant adopting and promoting the dissemination and use of ces Principes conjoints et en encourageant leur the following Principles to assist in the application et leur dissemination pour aider a la documentation protection conservation and connaissance la protection la conservation et la mise appreciation of industrial heritage as part of the en valeur du patrimoine industriel me partie du heritage of human societies around the World. patrimoine des societes humaines a travers le monde. Definition: The industrial heritage consists of 1 Definition : Le patrimoine industriel prend sites structures plexes areas and les sites les constructions les plexes les landscapes as well as the related machinery territoires et les paysages ainsi que les objects or documents that provide evidence of equipements les objets ou les documents qui past or ongoing industrial processes of temoignent des procedes industriels anciens ou production the extraction of raw materials courants de production par I′extraction et la their transformation into goods and the related transformation des matieres premieres ainsi que energy and transport infrastructures. Industrial des infrastructures energetiques ou de transport heritage reflectsthe profound connection qui y sont associees. Il exprime une relation between the cultural and natural environment etroite entre I′environnement culturel et naturel as industrial processes whether ancient or puisque les procedes industriels anciens ou 2 modern depend on natural sources of raw modernes dependent de ressources materials energy and transportation networks naturelles d’energie et de voies de to produce and distribute products to broader munication pour produire et distribuer des markets. It includes both material assets biens sur les marches. Ce patrimoine porte immovable and movable and intangible des dimensions immaterielles me les savoir- dimensions such as technical know-how the faire techniques I°organisation du travail et des organisation of work and workers and the travailleurs ou un heritage plexe dle plex social and cultural legacy that shaped pratiques sociales et culturelles resultant de the life of munities and brought major Iinfluence de Iindustrie sur la vie des organizational changes to entire societies and munautes et sur la mutation des societes et the world in general. du monde en general. Industrial heritage sites are very diversified in La grande diversite des sites du patrimoine terms of their purpose design and evolution industriel decoule de leurs fonctions de leurs over time. Many are representative of formes et de leur evolution. Beaucoup illustrent processes technologies as well as regional or des procedes des technologies ou des historical condlitions while others constitute conditions regionales ou historiques. Certains outstanding achievements of global influence. constituent des realisations exceptionnelles ou Others are plexes and multiple site influentes. Les plexes industriels les operations or systems whose many ponents operations reparties sur de multiples sites ou les are interdependent with different technologies systemes regroupent des posantes souvent and historical periods frequently present. The d’epoques ou de technologies differentes. significance and value of industrial heritage is L'interet du patrimoine industriel reside dans les intrinsic to the structures or sites themselves constructions et les sites dans leurs their material fabric ponents machinery posantes materielles et equipements dans and setting expressed in the industrial leur contexte et le paysage industriel qu'il landscape in written documentation and also forme dans les documents ainsi que dans les in the intangible records contained in memories dimensions immaterielles portees par la arts and customs. memoire les arts et les coutumes. 1- Document and understand industrial heritage I- Etudier et prendre les constructions structures sites areas and landscapes and theirsites aires et paysages industriels etleurvaleur values patrimoniale Researching and documenting industrial L'etude et la documentation des constructions structures sites landscapes and the related des sites et paysages industriels ainsi que des machinery equipment records or intangible machines des equipements des archives ou de aspects is essential to their identification leurs dimensions immaterielles est necessaire a conservation and the appreciation of their leur identification leur conservation et heritage significance and value. Human skills I'appreciation de leur interet et de leur valeur and knowledge involved in old industrial patrimoniale. Les savoir-faire lies aux anciens processes are a critically important resource in procedes industrels sont d'une grande conservation and must be considered in the importance dans la conservation et doivent etre heritage evaluation process. pris en pte par les processus d'evaluation patrimoniale. Researching and documenting industrial L'etude et la documentation des constructions heritage sites and structures must address their et des sites du patrimoine industriel doivent historical technological and socio-economical examiner leurs dimensions historiques dimensions to provide an integrated base for technologiques et socio-economiques afin de conservation and management. It requires an fonder leur conservation et leur gestion sur une interdisciplinary approach supported by connaissance integree alimentee par une interdisciplinary research and educational approche interdisciplinaire et par des programmes to identify the significance of recherches et des programmes educatifs qui 3 indlustrial heritage sites or structures. It should aident a enoncer leurs valeurs patrimoniales. benefit from a dliversity of sources of expertise Cette approche doit beneficier de I'apport d’une and information including site surveys and diversite de sources d’expertise et d’information recording historical and archaeological dont les etudes et releves de site les etudes investigation material and landscape analyss historiques et archeologiques les analyses oral history and/or research in public corporate materielles ou paysageres ainsi que la or private archives. Research and preservation consultation des archives publiques of documentary records pany archives d’entreprises ou privees. L'examen et la building plans and specimens of industrial conservation des archives industrielles des products should be encouraged. The evaluation plans et d’echantillons ou d’exemples de and assessment of documents should be production doivent etre encourages et leur a u sleads aeudoudde ue Aq uaxeapun evaluation devrait etre menee par des industry to which they relate to determine their specialistes du type d’industrie auquel ils sont heritage significance. The participation of associes. La participation des citoyens des munities and other stakeholders is also an munautes et d’autres interesses est une integral part of this exercise. partie integrale de cette activite. Thorough knowledge of the industrial and socio- 5 Une connaissance approfondie de Ihistoire economic history of an area or country or their industrielle et socio-economique d'une ville links to other parts of the world is necessary to d’une region ou d'un pays ainsi que de leurs understand the significance of industrial liens avec d'autres parties du monde est heritage sites or structures. Single industry necessaire pour prendre linteret context typological or regional studies with a patrimonial des constructions ou des sites parative ponent aimed at key industrial industriels. Des etudes paratives sectors or technologies are very useful in typologiques ou regionales sur certains secteurs recognizing the heritage values inherent in industriels ou certaines technologies sont utiles individual structures sites areas or landscapes. pour evaluer l'interet de constructions de sites They should be accessible and searchable by the ou de paysages particuliers. Elles devraient etre publi scholars as well as managers. accessibles au public aux chercheurs me aux gestionnaires. II-Ensure effective protection and I-Assurer la protectionet la conservation conservation of the industrial heritage efficaces des constructions sites aires et structures sites areas and landscapes paysages du patrimoine industriel Appropriate policies legal and administrative 6 L'adoption et la mise en ceuvre de politiques et measures need to be adopted and adequately de mesures legales et administratives adequates implemented to protect and ensure the sont necessaires a la protection et a la conservation of industrial heritage sites and conservation des constructions et des sites du structures including their machinery and patrimoine industriel y pris leurs records. These measures have to address the equipements et documents. Ces mesures close relationbetween the ndustral heritage doivent tenir pte de la relation etroite entre industrial production and the economy in le patrimoine industriel la production et particular with respect to rules for corporations Ieconomie notamment quant aux regles sur les and investments trades or intellectual property entreprises et sur les investissements aux such as patents and standards applicable to metiers aux elements de propriete intellectuelle active industrial operations. me les brevets et aux normes regissant les activites industrielles. Integrated inventories and lists of structures 7 Des inventaires integres des constructions sites sites areas landscapes their setting and aires et paysages leur contexte ainsi que des associated objects documents drawings and objets documents dessins archives et archives or intangible heritage should be patrimoine immateriel associes a developed and used as part of these effective Iindustrialisation doivent etre faits et utilises 4 management and conservation policies and pour assurer efficacite des politiques et des protection measures. These should benefit from protections. Les biens ainsi inventories devraient a legal recognition adequate conservation and beneficier d’une reconnaissance legale et de management to ensure that their significance mesures qui en assurent le maintien de Iinteret integrity and authenticity are maintained. In the patrimonial de I°integrite et de I'authenticite. case of industrial heritage identified through Dans le cas de decouvertes fortuites des fortuitous discovery temporary protection protections temporaires devraient etre should be granted to allow time necessary for accordees pour donner le temps necessaire 3 proper heritage documentation and research. une evaluation patrimoniale adequate. 8 In the case of active industrial structures or sites 8 Pour les sites ou ensembles industriels actifs la of heritage significance it ust e recognzd continuite de leur usage peut fonder en partie that their continued use and function might leur interet patrimonial et justifier le maintien carry some of their heritage significance and de conditions adequates pour leur conservation provide adequate conditions for their physical physique et leur viabilite economique a titre and economic sustainability as a ling d’installations operationnelles de production ou production or extraction facilities. Their specific d’extraction. Leurs caracteristiques techniques respected while implementing contemporary technical characteristics and features need to be propres doivent alors &tre respectees en appliquant les normes exigences ou mesures regulations such as building codes contemporaines en matiere de batiment environmental requirements or risk reduction d’environnement ou de reduction des risques de strategies to adldress hazards of natural or catastrophes d'origine naturelle ou humaine. human origin. 9 Protection measures should apply to buildings 6 Les mesures de protection devraient s’appliquer and their contents since pleteness or aux batiments et a leur contenu puisque functional integrity is especially important to the Fintegrite fonctionnelle constitue un facteur significance of industrial heritage structures and majeur d’interet patrimonial pour les sites. Their heritage value may be greatly constructions et sites industriels. Cette valeur jeopardized or reduced if machinery or other patrimoniale peut etre lourdement menacee ou significant ponents are removed or if diminuee par ′enlevement ou la demolition subsidiary elements which form part of a whole d’equipements ou de parties d’interet d’un site are destroyed. Legal and administrative ensemble. Les cadres legaux et adlministratifs frameworks should be developed to enable doivent permettre aux autorites d'intervenir authorities to respond quickly to the closure of promptement quand des sites ou des plexes operating industrial heritage sites and industriels patrimoniaux cessent leurs activites plexes to prevent removal or destruction of pour prevenir le demantelement ou la significant elements such as machinery destruction de machines objets documents ou indlustrial objects or related records autres elements d’interet. III- Conserve and maintain the industrial III-Conserver les constructions les sites les heritage structures sites areas and landscapes aires et les paysages du patrimoine industriel 10 Appropriate original or alternative and adaptive 10 Le maintien de I’usage d’origine ou d'un nouvel use is the most frequent way and often the most usage patible est le mode de conservation le sustainable way of ensuring the conservation of plus mun et souvent le plus viable pour les industrial heritage sites or structures. New uses sites et les constructions industrielles. Les should respect significant material ponents nouveaux usages devraient respecter les and patterns of circulation and activity. elements d’interet du site me les Specialist skills are necessary to ensure that the equipements les circulations ou la dlistribution heritage significance is taken into account and des activites. L'apport d’experts est necessaire respected in managing the sustainable use of pour voir a ce que la valeur patrimoniale de these industrial heritage sites and structures. constructions et de sites industriels soit 5
.international.ios.org/quebec2008/charters/interpretation/pdf/GA16 Charter Int erpretation_20081004 FREN.pdf THEICOMOS CHARTER FOR THE INTERPRETATION ANDPRESENTATION OF CULTURALHERITAGESITES ICOMOS文化遗产地解说与展示宪章 Prepared under the Auspices of the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Interpretation and Presentation of Cultural Heritage Sites 由ICOMOS文化遗产地解说与展示国际科学委员会赞助准备 Ratified by the 16th General Assembly of ICOMOS Quebec (Canada) on 4 October 2008 经ICOMOS第16届会员大会批准,魁北克(加拿大),2008年10月4日 PREAMBLE前言 study documentation and protection of cultural heritage sites ICOMOS has striven to promote the conservation ethic in all its activities and to help enhance public appreciation of humanity’s material heritage in all its forms and diversity.1965年成立的ICOMOS是一个致力于文化遗产地研究、记录 和保护,并由遗产专业人士组成的国际组织,所以,它努力在行动中推动遗产保护伦理, 并帮助公众增强对于各种形式和多样性的人类实物遗产的欣赏力.
As noted in the Charter of Venice (1964) It is essential that the principles guiding the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings should be agreed and be laid down on an intermational basis with guidelines for specific conservation challenges and encouraging effective munication about the importance of heritage conservation in every region of the world.正如《成尼斯宪章》(1964)指出 的,“古代建筑的保护与修复指导原则应在国际上得到公认并作出规定,这一点至关重要.
These earlier ICOMOS charters stress the importance of public munication as an essential part of the larger conservation process (variously describing it as *dissemination " *popularization conservationwithin all the world’s cultural traditions - is by its nature a municative act.早期的 ICOMOS宪章强调公众交流的重要性,这是更大的保护过程(不同地描述为“传播”、“普及”、 “展示”和“解说”)中一个必不可少的部分.
它们无疑表明,遗产保护的每种举动一一在世 界各种文化传统中一一本质而言都是一种交流举动.
From the vast range of surviving material remains and intangible values of past munities and civilisations the choice of what to preserve how to preserve it and how it is to be presented to the public are all elements of site interpretation. They represent every generation’s vision of what is significant what is important and why material remains from the past should be passed on to generationsyettoe.从以往社会和文明留存的大量实物遗存和非物质价值来看,选择保护什 么、怎样保护以及怎样向公众展示是遗产地解说的全部要素.
它们代表着每一代人的这样一些 视角:什么是有意义的?
什么是重要的?
为什么应将过去的物质遗存传递给将至的后人?
The need for a clear rationale standardised terminology and accepted professional principles for Interpretation and Presentation’ is evident. In recent years the dramatic expansion of interpretive activities at many cultural heritage sites and the introduction of elaborate interpretive technologies and new economic strategies for the marketing and management of cultural heritage sites have created pesos esbsseu sx public appreciation of cultural heritage sites throughout the world:显然,解说与展示”需要一种清 断的理念、一套标准化术语和若干公认的专业原则.
近年来,许多文化遗产地的解说活动显著 增多,精良的解说技术的引入,文化遗产地营销和管理中的新经济战略,三者导致了新的复杂 -What are the accepted and acceptable goals for the Interpretation and Presentation of cultural heritage sites?-什么是文化遗产地解说与展示公认的并且受到欢迎的目标?
- What principles should help determine which technical means and methods are appropriate in particularcultural and heritage contexts?-什么原则应该帮助确定哪些技术手段和方法在特定的文 化和遗产背景中是恰当的?
- What general ethical and professional considerations should help shape Interpretation and Presentation in light of its wide variety of specific forms and techniques?-由于特殊形式和特殊技巧 的广泛多样存在,什么一般性的伦理和专业思考会有助于形成解说与展示?
The purpose of this Charter is therefore to define the basic principles of Interpretation and Presentation as essential ponents of heritage conservation efforts and as a means of enhancing 与展示的基本准则,将其作为遗产保护努力的必要组成部分,也作为提高公众欣赏、理解文化 遗产地的一种手段.
DEFINITIONS定义 For the purposes of the present Charter 考虑到当前宪章, Interpretation refers to the full range of potential activities intended to heighten public awareness and enhance understanding of cultural heritage site. These can include print and electronic publications public lectures on-site and directly related off-site installations educational programmes munity activities and ongoing research training and evaluation of the interpretation process itself. 解说指为了提高公众文化遗产地意识和增强文化遗产地理解的可能的活动.
Presentation more specifically denotes the carefully planned munication of interpretive content through the arrangement of interpretive information physical access and interpretive infrastructure atacultural heritage site.展示更多地特指对解说内容进行认真地经过规划的交流, 交流借助于对文化遗产地解说信息、实地可达性和解说设施的安排.
Itcanbeconveyed through a variety of technical means including yet not requiring such elements as informational panels See defrniions on page 3.参见“定文” See defniions on page 3.参见“定文” AltougepinipsndobjctvesthsChaayqlyapplyt-enesmifc interpretation and presentation at or in the immediate vicinity of cultural heritage sites.蛋然本光章的原则和目标也可等适 用于非在地遗产的解说,但宪章主要关注文化遗产地或非常章近文化遗产地的解说与展示.
2 museum-type displays formalized walking tours lectures and guided tours and multimedia applicationsandwebsites可以通过不同的技术手段实现,包括诸如信息板、博物馆式的陈列、规 范化的徒步旅行、讲座和导引式旅游、多媒体应用和网站等等要素,尽管不要求.
Interpretive infrastructure refers to physical installations facilities and areas at or connected with pe uodo ssd pns ru s e presentation including those supporting interpretation via new and existing technologies.解说设施指 为了解说与展示,在文化遗产地或其相关地点特别使用的实物装置、设施和区域,包括依靠新 技术和已有技术所做的支持性解说.
temporarily engaged in the public munication of information relating to the values and significance ofthesite.遗产地解说员指长期或临时从事遗产地价值和意义相关信息的公众交流 的遗产地员工或志愿者.
Cultural Heritage Site refers to a place locality natural landscape settlement area architectural plex archaeological site or standing structure that is recognized and often legally protected as a place of historicaland cultural significance.文化遗产地指一个地方、地点、自然景观、居住区、建 筑群、考古遗址或常设建筑物,它们被视为具有历史、文化意义的地方而得到认识,并且通常 得到合法的保护.
OBJECTIVES目标 osdddpe conservation and management this Charter seeks to establish seven cardinal principles upon which Interpretation and Presentationin whatever form or medium is deemed appropriate in specific circumstances-should be based.认识到解说与展示是文化遗产保护与管理整体过程中的一部分, 本宪章旨在确定七条基本原则,解说与展示应以此为基础.
当然,在特定条件下,任何形式或 方法都被认为是恰当的.
Principle 1:Access and Understanding原则1:可达性和理解 Principle2:Information Sources原则2:信息源 Principle3:Attention to Setting and Context原则3:注重背景环境和文脉 Principle 4:PreservationofAuthenticity原则4:保存原真性 Principle5:PlanningforSustainability原则5:为可持续性进行规划 Principle6:ConcernforInclusiveness原则6:关注涵盖性 Principle7:Importance of Research Training and Evaluation原则7:研究、培训和评估的重要 性 Following from these seven principles the objectives of this Charter are to:伴上述七条原则,本完 章的目标是: 1.Facilitate understanding and appreciation of cultural heritage sites and foster public awareness and engagement in the need for their protcction and conservation.促进对文化遗产地 的需要.
2.Communicate the meaning of cultural heritage sites to a range of audiences through careful documented recognition of significance through accepted scientific and scholarly methods as wellasfrom livingcultural traditions.通过认真并且记录在案的遗产地意义认识,借助于公认 的科学和学术方法,并且从活态文化传统向广大观众传递文化遗产地的含义.
3. Safeguard the tangible and intangible values of cultural heritage sites in their natural and cultural setingsand social contexts.在文化遗产地自然和文化背景环境以及社会背景中保护 遗产地的有形价值和无形价值 4.Respet the authenticity of cultural heritage sites by municating the significance of their sjo ed spe ud pe sn pe interpretive infrastructure visitor pressure inaccurate or inappropriate interpretation.通过传递历 史构造与文化价值的意义,通过保护遗产地使其免遭突兀的解说设施、游客压力、不准确 或不恰当解说的负面冲击,尊重文化遗产地的原真性.
5.Contribute to the sustainable conservation of cultural heritage sites through promoting public understanding of and participation in ongoing conservation efforts ensuring long-term maintenance of the interpretive infrastructure and regular review of its interpretive contents.通过 推动公众理解和参与长久的保护工作,通过确保长期维护解说设施并且定期回顾解说内容, 使其贡献于文化遗产地的可持续保护.
6.Enourage incusiveness n the nterpretationof cultural heritage sitesby facilitating th involvement of stakeholders and associated munities in the development and implementation of interpretive programmes.通过推动纳入利益相关者和相关社区,在解说项目的开发和执行 中,鼓励文化遗产地解说的涵盖性.
7.Develop technical and professional guidelines for heritage interpretation and presentation including technologies research and training. Such guidelines must be appropriate and sustainablein their social contexts.制定遗产解说与展示的技术指南和专业指南,包括技术、 研究和培训.
1. Effctive interpretation and presentation should enhance personal experience increase public respect and understanding and municate the importance of the conservation of cultural heritagesites.有效的解说与展示应充实个人经历,提高公众对遗产的尊重和理解,传递文化 遗产地保护的重要性.
2. Interpretation and presentation should encourage individuals and munities to reflect on their own perceptions of a site and assist them in establishing a meaningful connection to it. The aim should be to stimulate further interest,learning,experience and exploration解说与展示应鼓励 个人和社区思考他们自身对于遗产地的认知,帮助他们建立与遗产地一种有意义的联系, 目的应是激发出进一步的兴趣、知识、体验和探索.
3. Interpretation and presentation programmes should identify and assess their audiences demographically and culturally. Every effort should be made to municate the site's values andsignificance toits variedaudiences.解说与展示项目应从人口统计和文化两方面辨别和 评估观众,应付出各种努力向不同观众传递遗产地的价值和意义.
4.The diversity of language among visitors and associated munities connected with aheritage site should be taken into account in the interpretive infrastructure.解说设施应考虑游客和遗产 地相关社区语言的多样性.
Interpretation and presentation activities should also be physically accessible to the public in all itsvariety.解说与展示活动应该通过各种形式,方便公众实地的可达性.
6. In cases where physical access to a cultural heritage site is restricted due to conservation concerms cultural sensitivities adaptive re-use or safety issues interpretation and presentation should beprovidedoff-site.文化遗产地的实地可达性会受到保护相关事宜、文化敏感性、适 应性再利用或安全事宜的限制.
在此情况下,应提供非现场的解说与展示.
Principle2:原则2: Information Sources信息源 Interpretationandpresentationshouldbebasedonevidencegatheredthroughacceptedscientific andscholarlymethodsaswellasfromlivingculturaltraditions.解说与展示应依据那些借助公认 的科学和学术方法并从活态的文化传统中收集到的证据.
1.Interpretation should show the range of oral and writen information material remains traditions and meanings attributed to a site. The sources of this information should be documented archived,and made accessible to the public.解说应显示遗产地的口头和书面信息、实物遗存、 传统和含义.
信息源应被记录、存档,并使公众可以获得.
2. Interpretation should be based on a well researched multidisciplinary study of the site and its surroundings. It should also acknowledge that meaningful interpretation necessarily includes reflectiononaltemative historicalhypotheseslocaltraditionsand stories.解说应基于对遗产地 及其周边环境的充分多学科研究.
还应认识到,有意义的解说也包括对可替换的历史假设、 地方传统和事迹的必要.
3. At cultural heritage sites where traditional storytelling or memories of historical participants provide an important source of information about the significance of the site interpretive programmes should incorporate these oral testimonieseither indirectly through the facilities of the interpretive infrastructure or directly through the active participation of members of associated munities as on-site interpreters.当历史亲历者的传统故事讲述或记忆为文化遗 产地的意义提供了重要信息源时,在这些遗产地,解说项目应采纳这些口头表述--或间 接通过解说设施来实现,或直接通过将相关社区的成员请为现场解说员来主动参与.
4.Visual reconstructions whether by artists architects or puter modelers should be based upon detailed and systematic analysis of environmental archaeological architectural and historical data including analysis of written oral and iconographic sources and photography. The information sources on which such visual renderings are based should be clearly documented and alternative reconstructions based on the same evidence when available should beprovided forparison.视觉重建,无论是通过艺术家、建筑师,还是计算机建模师, 都应基于对环境、考古、建筑和历史数据的详细和系统分析.
5. Interpretation and presentation programmes and activities should also be documented and archived for future reference and reflection.为了今后的参考和,应对解说与展示项目和 活动进行记录和存档.
Principle 3:原则3: ContextandSetting背景环境和文脉 TheInterpretationandPresentationofculturalheritagesitesshouldrelatetotheirwidersocial cultural historicalandnaturalcontexts andsettings.文化遗产地的解说与展示应与更广泛的社 会、文化、历史和自然背景与背景环境相关.
2015 中国文物古迹保护准则 Principles for the Conservation of Heritage Sites in China 国际古迹遗址理事会中国国家委员会制定 中华人民共和国国家文物局推荐 Issued by China ICOMOS Approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage 目录 Contents 前言 01 准则及阐释 05 汉语一英语词汇表 41 Foreword 49 Principles & Commentary 54 English-Chinese Glossary 104 1 《中国文物古迹保护准则》修订前言 2000年,由中国国家文物局指导,由中国古迹遗址保护协会与美国盖等保护所、淡大 利亚遗产委员会合作编制的《中国文物古迹保护准则》(以下简称《中国准则》1印发强行, 至今已有15个年头.