1 1 IBARTLEBY:How to conduct a job interview
文章导读
工章指出传统面试有诺多外端，如问题可预测、答案 经排练等.但结构化面试有优势，其标准化问愿和评现），但比非结构化面试好.结构化面试未普及或因 面试者担心、嫌麻预等，面试陌生候选人最好用脚本、评分系统和现实态度.
第1段
construct/knnstrAkt/v.动词，建造，构筑：“蚕成，构成：创立，构建（理论、体系等）大：（按照 数学规则）编制，绘制：名词，构想，概念：建造物，构成物：（短语的》结构：常用搭配：
constructabuilding 建造建筑物：constructa theory 构建理论：同义词：build create 7heyare plago constucr a brige oner the rivr他们正计划 在河上建造一座新桥.
stereotypieal /steristipikl/ adj.形容词，模式化的，老一套的7净规的：常用搭配：stereotypicalimage 刻板印象：同义词：cliched hackneyed The movie presertfs α stereotypicaf view of women ashousevves.这部电影呈现了一种把女性当作家庭 主目由老套观点.
December 20th 2025 【Business】
[1| If you had to construct a really bad way to makean important decision you might e up withsomething like the stereotypical job interview.Youmust intuit a plete stranger's ability and character ina small window of time before making a mitmentthat could last decades. Some candidates will be sotense that asking them how their journey was will causethem to have a nervous breakdown. Everyone will bepretending to be someone they are not.
semse fl Shitvy wh smhing ws intuit/mtju it/v.动词，凭直觉知道：同文词：ng.地凭直觉知道出了问题.
mitment/kamitmsnt/n.名词，承诺，保证； 奉献，投入：承担的义务（或责任等）：常用搭配：make a mitment做出承诺：同义词：promise dedication She shomed great miment fo herork她对工作表现出极大的投入.
tense/tens/adj.形容词，紧张的，焦虑的：细紧
的，控紧的：（局势、气氛等）紧张的：动词， （使）紧张，（使》焦虑：（使）细紧，（使）拉紧：名词，（动词的）时态：常用搭配：temnseplayes were rese bfore rhe game运动员们在比赛 situation 紧张局势：同义词：nenvous strained 7he前很紧张.
如果你必须想出一种非常糟糕的方式来做一个重要决定，你可能会想出类似那种老套的求职面试的方式.在做出一个可能持续数十年的承诺之前，你必须在很短的时间内凭直觉判断一个完全陌生之人的能力和性格.有些候选人会非常紧张，以至于问他们旅途如何都会让他们精神崩溃.每个人都会假装成另一个自己.
breakdown/breikdaun/n.名词，（关系的）破 裂：（车辆或机器的7故障：（健康或精神的）前溃，衰弱：分析，分类：常用搭配：nervousbrekdow o theirmrriage was very painful for he breakdown 精神前溃：同文词？collapse failure Thechidren.他们婚姻的破裂对孩子们来说非常痛苦.
pretend/pn tend/v.动词，假装，伪装：（在游 戏中）假扮，装扮：自谢.自认为：形容词，假装的，想象的：常用搭配：pretend tobe假装是：同文词：feign at She prtne to be hpy whr sh hcaadthenes.当她听到这个消息时，她假装很高兴.
[2] Most of your questions will be entirelypredictable; most of the answers will have beenrehearsed. To jolt candidates out of their fortzones you will ask one or two questions that bear norelevance to anything. If you were a cat trapped in awashing machine how would you escape? If Jesus were
第2段
predictable /pndiktsbl/ adj形容词：可预见的. 可预料的：predictable behavior（可预见的行为）；ending.这部电影有一个可预见的结局. foreseeable expected 7he movie hod α predictable
asked who he would most like to have at a dinner party why should he pick you?
你的大多数问题都完全可以预测：大多数答案也都经过了预演.为了让候选人脱离舒适区，你会问一两个与任何事情都无关的问题.如果你是一只被困在洗衣机里的猫，你会如何逃脱？如果耶稣被问到他最希望谁来参加晚宴，他为什么要选你？
【3]Even with these oddball questions the spread ofAI tools means you cannot be totally sure that a humanis the one answering. Jonathan Black who runs thecareers service at Oxford University tells the story of astudent asking an employer to repeat something“because the puter didn’t hear it". To cap it all youwill be aware that you haven’t had lunch and still haveanother five interviews to do that day.
即使有这些古怪的问题，人工智能工具的普及意味着你无法完全确定是人类在回答.牛津大学职业服务中心负责人乔纳森布莱克讲述了一个学生让雇主重复某事的故事，“因为电脑没听到”.最糟糕的是，你会意识到自己还没吃午饭，而且当天还有另外五场面试要参加.
【4]If this sounds like an irretrievably brokenprocess then the truth is more plex. Interviews havea reasonable claim to be the most useful part of theselection process. But they have to be conducted in theright way. And their flaws must be pensated for.如果这听起来像是一个无可挽回的失败过程，那么事实更为复杂.面试有充分的理由被认为是选拔过程中最有用的部分.但必须以正确的方式进行面试.而且必须弥补其缺陷.
【s] Researchers try to assess the validity of selectionprocesses by correlating the scores that successfulcandidates get during an application with theirsubsequent performance in their new jobs. A meta-analysis of such research published in 2022 by PaulSackett of the University of Minnesota and his co-
rehearsed nhsrstv.动词（过去式和过去分rehearse aplay （排练一出戏）：practice drill The 词）：排练，排演：预演，演习：复述，背诵：actors rehearsed the scene many times before thefionalperfrmance演员们在最后演出前多次排练了这个 场景
jolt/dgaalt/n.动词：使震动，使摇动：使震惊，使吃惊：jolt sb.awake（把某人摇醒）：shock，electricity（一阵电击）：shock surprise The mews surprise：名词：震动，摇动：震惊，吃惊：ajoltof辞职的消息让每个人都大吃一惊. ofhis sudden resigmation gneeveryone a jol他实然
candidates /kendaderts/n.名词：候选人，候补者：应试者，考生：a presidential candidate（总统候 选人）：applicant minee Thereareseacandidatesforthejob有几个求职者中请这份工作.
have relevance to (与.有关） : connection relation relevance /relavansn.名词：相关性，关联：The relevamce of this research fo the field of medicine is的 signjicmnr.这项研究对医学额域的相关性是重大
第3段
oddball/pdbo:l/n.名词：古怪的人，奇怪的事ida（古怪的想法）：同义词：ccnric quirky 物：形容词：古怪的，奇怪的：常用搭配：oddballHes awys been nddhall in she fom他-直是 家里的一个怪人.
spread/spredv.动词：展开，铺开，伸开：（使）传播，（使）散布，（使）蔓延：涂，敷：（使）扩大.（使）扩展：常用搭配：spreadout （展开，铺开，伸开：（使）传播，（使）散布，（使）蔓延：涂，敷：（使）扩大，（使）扩展），spreadover（覆盖，追布：延续，持续：沙 及，包括），sprad through（传遍，蔓延开来）：victory sred qicky rghour heco胜利的 同义词：extend distribute circulatehe nes ofthe消息迅速传遍了全国.
aware /owes（ry/adj.形容词：知道的，意识到的，明白的：察觉到的，发觉的：有...意识的. 有..观念的：常用搭配：beaware of（知道，意识到，明白：察觉到，发觉：有...意识的，有...观念 的）.bee aware of（开始意识到，逐渐明白）.makesbawareof（使某人知道，使某人意识 到，使某人明白：使某人察觉到，使某人发觉：使某人有...意识的，使某人有...观念的）：同义词：conscious cognizant mindlW sol b amre of the importance ofenviromenta protection我们应该意识到环境保护的重要性.
第4段
irretrievablyntrivabli/ady.副词，无法挽回 地，不能补救地：无近义词 Thedamagerorheirrelarionship was irreriewbly dome.他们关系所受的损害已无法挽回.
authors found that structured job interviews have themost predictive value of any recruitment method ahead of things like assessment centres or psychometrictests.
研究人员试图通过将成功候选人在申请过程中获得的分数与其在新工作中的后续表现相关联，来评估选拔过程的有效性.明尼苏达大学的保罗萨克特（PaulSackett）及其合著者在2022年发表的一项对此类研究的元分析发现，结构化工作面试在招聘方法中具有最高的预测价值，超过了评估中心或心理测试等方法.
[6]There are two big caveats to this endorsement ofinterviews however. The first is the importance of theword“structured”.According to Winfred Arthur ofTexas A&M University that usually means astandardised set ofjob-related questions which are putto every candidate and each of which is scoredaccording to an agreed system. (You could still ask thatquestion about the cat in the washing machine in otherwords but you had better have a clear idea of whatcounts as a good answer and why.) An unstructuredinterview in which hiring managers make things up onthe fly and reach decisions based on gut instinets hasless than half the predictive validity of a structured one.然面，对面试的这种认可有两个重要的注意事项.第一个是“结构化”这个词的重要性.根据德克萨斯农工大学的温弗雷德亚瑟的说法，这通常意味着一套标准化的与工作相关的问题，每个候选人都会被问到这些问题，并且每个问题都根据一个商定的系统进行评分.（换句话说，你仍然可以问关于洗衣机里的猫的那个问题，但你最好清楚地知道什么算作一个好答案以及为什么.）在非结构化面试中，招聘经理即兴发挥并根据直觉做出决定，其预测效度不到结构化面试的一半.
【71People have been preaching the gospel ofthey are not more mon. Perhaps interviewers worrythat predictable questions are likely to tell them less
claimklem/v.名词，声称，断言：要求，索取：（尤指向公司、政府等）索款，索赔：权利，权：（对事物的）权利要求：动词，声称，断 言：要求，索取：（尤指向公司、政府等）索款，声、地位等）：需要（花时间或精力）：同义词： 索赔：认额，索取（失物等）：使得到，赢得（名require （动词含义）：righ tile（名词含义）She assert allege maintain（动词含文）：demand caimed hr she wa ocen她声称自己是无票的.
conducled /kandaktd/v.动词，组织，安排，实 施，执行：指挥（音乐）：带额，引导：举止，表现：传导（热或电）：形容词，（古）有.行为 的：同义词：dinect mange cary ot （动词含义）The scienrists conducted an experiment to fest the newheory科学家们进行了一项实验来测试这个新理 论.
aws/ozn.名词，缺点，缺陷，瑕：裂缝，裂隙：（性格上的）缺点，弱点：动词，使有缺陷，使有裂缝：同义词：defect fault imperfection （名词含义）：damage impair（动词含义）Despite its flaws the pian hax some good ideas. 这个计划有缺陷.但它还是有一些好的想法. 尽管
pensaled /kopensetd/v.动词，补偿，赔偿的，赔偿的：同义词：repense indemmify 偿：弥补，抵消：给（某人）付金：形容词，补reimburse（动词含义） The pary pensatedhe workersfor rheiroerime.公司给工人补偿了加 班费.
第5段
asess/osesv.动词：评定，估价，对...进行评估：常用搭配：assess the value（评估价值）， assess the impact（评估影响）：同义词：evaluate appraiseWe need fo asses she siation carefillyhefare makingadecision.在做决定之前，我们需要 仔细评估形势.
vaity vpidti/n.名词：有效性，合法性，正确性：常用搭配：the vality ofa thcory （理论的有 效性）：同义词：effectiveness legitimacyThewer quesrioned the validity of the contract律师质疑这份合同的有效性.
subsequent /sabsikwant/adj.形容词：随后的， 后来的：常用搭配：subsequcnt events（随后的事件）：同义词：following later Snbsequent eemts confimedordonbts随后发生的事证实了我们的怀疑.
predietive pn'dktvadj.形容词：预言性的，成值）：同义词：foretelling prophetic This predlicive 为前兆的：常用搭配：predictivevalue（预测价model cahelp makeberter decision.这个预测模型能帮助我们做出更好的决策.
recruitment /ri:krutmant/n.名词：招聘，招 募，补充：常用搭配：recruitment method（招聘方法）：同义词：cnlistmenthiring7he any recritmet proces wery stric这家公司的招聘流程非常严格.
第6段
even though successful firms like Amazon go out oftheir way to offer advice on what candidates can expectin an interview. Perhaps managers balk at the time andthought required to construct a truly rigorous process even though few decisions are regretted as much as abad hire.
人们宣扬结构化面试的好处已经很久了，奇怪的是它为何没有更普遍.也许面试官担心可预测的问题可能让他们了解到的信息更少，尽管像亚马逊这样成功的公司会特意就候选人在面试中可能遇到的情况提供建议.也许经理们对构建一个真正严谨的流程所需的时间和精力望而却步，尽管很少有决策会像糟糕的招聘那样令人后悔.
【s]Mr Arthur’s best explanation is that structuredinterviews remove a sense of agency from interviewers."You're saying you can’t ask the questions you want...sam I a manager for?
亚瑟先生的最佳解释是，结构化面试剥夺了面试官的一种能动性.“你是在说你不能问自己想问的问题然后他们会对你说：搞什么？那我当经理是为了什么？””
[9]The second caveat is that even textbook
interviews are not that good at predicting howcandidates will do. According to Chris Hartwell of UtahState University the research suggests that less than20% of a person’s actual job performance can beattributed to scores in a structured interview. So itmakes sense to layer lots of other assessments on top:specifie personality tests work samples and the like.Mr Hartwell says that a battery of measures mighttogether be able to predict as much as 30-40% of acandidate's eventual performance an oute hedescribes as “not great but not bad".
第二个需要注意的是，即使是规范的面试在预测候选人表现方面也并非那么出色.犹他州立大学的克里斯哈4/7
endorsement /n²ds：rsmant/n.名词：批准，认可：支持，拥护：（支票的）背书，（文件的）批注：（保险单的）附加条款：动词：背书（支 票）：批注（文件）：在（驾驶执照上）记录违章事项The cndidte recevedtheendrsement of everal ifwrialorizarions.这位候选人获得了几个有影响力的组织的支持.
structred/straktjad/adj.形容词：有结构的，有的过去式和过去分词）Thisprjecrishigby 组织的：动词：组织，安排：构成，形成（structurextctaredandwell-rgnized这个项目结构高度 严谨且组织有序.
standardised/standadazd/v.动词：使标准化，使符合标准（staindardise 的过去式和过去分词）The tests have been standardised to ensure fairness. 这些测试已经标准化以确保公平性.
scored/skd/v.动词：得分：记分：获得胜利的：已得分的 She scred rhe highest grade in rhe （score的过去式和过去分词）：形容词：有刻痕maexam她在数学考试中得了最高分.
instinets/mstingktsn.名词：本能，天性：直觉：（尤指来自身体或潜意识的）推动力：形容 词：充满着的（instinct with） Animais rely on theirinsincts fsureewild动物依靠本能在野外 生存.
第7段
preaching/pritjg/v.动词：宣讲（教义），布道：宣传，宣扬（信念、行动）：名词：讲道，讲受某观点的人宣扬该观点）：同义词：promote 道内容：常用搭配：preach tothe converted（对已接advocate The priest is preching in the chrch.收师 正在教堂里布道.
ospel/gnsl/n.名词：福音：真理，信条：形容词：传播福音的：常用摄配：take somethingasgospel（把某事当作真理）：同文词：truth creed Some people takewhar he saasgospel有些人把他说的话当作真理.
mystery/mistari/n.名词：神秘的事物，难以理 解的事物：悬疑故事，推理小说：奥秘，谜：形容词：神秘的，难以理解的：常用搭配：beamysteryto（对...来说是个）：同义词：cnigma ridle The disappearance of the plane remains α mystery. 飞机的失踪仍然是个谜.
balk/bok/v.动词：畏缩不前，犹豫不决；回避，拒绝：阻碍，妨碍：名词：障碍，阻碍：畏 缩，犹豫：常用搭配：balkar（对...畏缩不ofwrking verim whor exra p：他对没有额外 前）：同义词：hesitate demur He baed ar the idea报醒却要加班的想法犹豫不决.
rigorous /ngoras/ad.形容词：严密的，镇密的：常用搭配：rigorous analysis（严密的分析）： 的：严格的，严厉的：（气候等）严酷的，恶劣同义词：stritsevereScniconrigro experiments to ensure the accuracy of their findings.科学家们进行严密的实验以确保他们研究结果的准确性.
第8段
特韦尔表示，研究表明，一个人实际工作表现中只有不到20%可以归因于结构化面试的分数.所以在其基础上叠加许多其他评估是有意义的：特定的个性测试、工作样本等等.哈特韦尔先生说，一系列措施加在一起或许能够预测候选人最终表现的30%一40%，他将这一结果描述为“不算太好，但也不算太差”.
【10】That's because there is no foolproof way tojudge an unfamiliar job candidate. Firms can tip thescales towards success once someone has joined byensure that known quantities are in the running for jobs by investing in internship programmes and encouragingyou are interviewing a stranger for a job it is best donewith a script a scoring system and a hefty dose ofrealism. No question.
这是因为没有万无一失的方法来评判一个不熟悉的求职者.一旦有人入职，公司可以通过提供适当的入职培训和在职培训来增加成功的几率.他们可以通过投资实习项目和鼓励现有员工申请空缺职位，确保已知的合适人选参与求职竞争.但如果你正在面试一个陌生的求职者，最好使用脚本、评分系统和大量的现实考量.毫无疑问.
长难句精讲
1. Researchers try to assess the validity ofselection processes by correlating the scores thatsuccessful candidates get during an application with their subsequent performance in their newjobs.
主句]：Researchers try to assess the validity ofselection processes. 方式状语：by correlating.jobs， 其中包含一个定语从句 that successful candidates getduring an application 修饰 scores.
研究人员试图通过将成功候选人在申请过程中获得的分数与他们在新工作中的后续表现相关联，来评 估选拔过程的有效性.
explamation/eksplanejn/n.名词：解释，说明：辩解，辩明：阐述，讲解：（消除误会后）和解，友好相处：（为消除误会或分歧的）交谈，谈 心：（对宗教教义的）注释，讲解：常用搭配：ininterpretation acoumt descriptionH ge α cetaed explanationof（解释，说明）：同义词：exlanation ofhow he machine wok.他详细说明 了这台机器是如何工作的.
interviews/mtavjuz/n.名词：面试，面谈：采访，访谈：动词：面试，面谈：采访，访谈：常用搭配：jobimterview（求职面试）：同义词： conversations meetings discussions She hgs seven/job intervirs nedp h week她这周安排了几场 求职面试
agency/edonsin.名词：代理，经销：代理处，经销处：（政府的）专门机构，局，处：（尤社会的）动力，力量：常用搭配：adverising 指通过个人努力而取得的）成效，作用：（政治、agency（广告代理公司）：同义词：autharity，power influence The travef ageney helpedf us book αa womderfuvacaton.旅行社帮我们预订了一次很棒的假期.
heckhek/n.名词：见鬼（表示轻微的恢恼、惊 讶等）：常用搭配：whattheheck（管它呢，见鬼去吧）：同义词：hel，damn Whar zheheck，ry管它呢，我来试试
第9段
caveat/kerviet/n.名词：警告，告诚：限制条款，附文：同义词：waing，admnition Jsoldadd a caveat: rhe data isr plerely reliabte.我 该加一句提醒：这些数据并非完全可靠.
textbook/tekstbuk/n.名词：教科书，课本：形容词：符合规范的，标准的：同义词：mamalcoursebook Stnenzs asaally nse texzbooks to study. 学生们通常使用教科书来学习.
attributedotnbjutd/v.动词（过去式和过去分认为....具有某种特质：同义词：asiged 形式）：把...归因于.认为...是...所为：creditedThe success of the project was atriburted to成功归因于团队的辛财工作和协作. hefeam hard wkandcollaboration这个项目的
assessmients /osrsmonts/n.名词：评估，评价：估价，评定：同义词：evaluations.appraisals The teacherduct reglarasessments focheck stdentsprogre.老师进行定期评估以检查学生的进步情况.
specifie/sposfik/adj形容词：明确的，具体 的：特定的，特有的：名词：详情，细节：同义onhowtocoupleteheai他就如何完成这项任务 词]: particular definite He gave specife instractions给出了明确的指示.
personality/pasonalatin.名词：个性，性格：Her peronaliy is very charmng.饱的个性非常迷 名人：特色，特征：同义词：character disposition人.
