Cold-FormedWeldedandSeamlessCarbonSteelStructural StandardSpecificationfor TubinginRoundsandShapes
This standard is isued under the fised designation A500A500M; the number immediately following the designaticn indicates the year
enouddea ao osau se| aq aus auqp (elaoupa ue sapopul (2) o[sda dusuadns y of original adoption or in the case of revision the year of last revisin. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproal.
This stanl h bem approved fr ase br ngencier f fhe Depret of Defese.
A700 Practices for Packaging Marking and Loading Meth-ods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods Practices and Terminology for Chemi- cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel Stainles Steel Related Alloys and FerroalloysMIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage? 2.2 Military Standards:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship-2.3 Federal Standards: ment and Storage²Fed. Std No. 123 Marking for Shipment Fed. Std. No. 183 Continuous Identification Marking of Ironand Steel Products?B-1 Bar Code Symbology Standard 2.4 AIAG Standard:
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers cold-formed welded and seam-less carbon steel round square rectangular or special shape structural tubing for welded riveted or bolted construction ofbridges and buildings and for general structural purposes.
sizes with a periphery of 88 in. [2235 mm] or less and a 1.2 This tubing is produced in both welded and seamlessspecified wall thickness of 0.875 in. [22 mm] or less. Grade D requires heat treatment.
NorE 1Products manufactured to this specification may not besuitable for those applications such as dynamically loaded elements in welded structures etc. where low-temperature notch-toughness propertiesmay be important.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M" designation of this specification is specified in the order.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definirions-For definitions of terms used in thisspecification refer to Terminology A941.
4. Ordering Information
1.4 The text of this specification contains notes and foot-notes that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes excluding those in tables and figures do not contain any mandatory requirements.
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall contain
information concerning as many of the following items as arerequired to describe the desired material adequately: 4.1.1 Quantity (feet [metres] or number of lengths) 4.1.2 Name of material (cold-fomed tubing) 4.1.3 Method of manufacture (seamless or welded).4.1.4 Grade (A B C or D) 4.1.5 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness for roundtubing and outside dimensions and wall thickness for squareand rectangular tubing) 4.1.6 Copper-containing stee (see Table 1) if applicable 4.1.7 Length (random multiple specific; see 11.3) 4.1.8 End condition (see 16.3) 4.1.9 Burr removal (see 16.3)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Stondards-2
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Products
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
8.2 If product analyses are made they shall be made usingtest specimens taken from two lengths of tubing from each lotstock from each lot of a corresponding quantity of flat-rolled of 500 lengths or fraction thereof or two pieces of flat-rolledstock. Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods Practices and Terminol-ogy A751. Such product analyses shall conform to the require- ments specified in Table 1 for product analysis.
Composition %Element Grades A B and Grade CAnalysis Heat Analysis lonpoAd Analysis Heat Analysis ProductCarbon max Manganese max 0.26 0.30 1.36 0.23 0.27Phosphorus max Sulfur max 0.035 0.035 1.35 0.045 0.045 1.40 0.035 0.035 1.40 0.045 0.045Copper.mn 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.18
0 g ne Busandau saseue 1npod JI 8conform to the specified requirements the lot shall be rejected.
Frechretn001prag pintbowhspcidmaxmm rcarbon an increase of 0.06 percentage point above he specified maximum for % 09 I pue ss/eue yeoy q % 0s'I μo unupew e o dn pegud s essueuewby product analysis. copper-containing steel is specilied in the purchase order.
8.4 If only one product analysis representing a lot fails toconform to the specified requirements product analyses shallbe made using two additional test specimens taken from the lot. Both additional product analyses shall conform to the specifiedrequirements or the lot shall be rejected.
9. Tensile Requirements
4.1.10 Certification (see Section 18) 4.1.1 ASTM specification designation and year of issue 4.1.12 End use 4.1.13 Special requirements and4.1.14 Bar coding (see 19.3).
conform to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed 9.1The material as represented by the test specimen shallin Table 2.
10. Flattening Test
5. Process
tubing. A flattening test is not required for shaped structural 10.1 The flattening test shall be made on round structuraltubing-
5.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the followingprocesses: basic-oxygen or electric-furnace.
10.2 For welded round structural tubing a test specimen atleast 4 in. [100 mm] in length shall be flattened cold betweenparallel plates in three steps with the weld located 90° from the line of direction of force. During the first step which is a testfor ductility of the weld no cracks or breaks on the inside or
cast the steel producer shall identify the resultant transition 5.2 When steels of different grades are sequentially strandmaterial and remove it using an established procedure that positively separates the grades.
6.Manufacture
6.1 The tubing shall be made by a seamless or weldingprocess.
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Bugn eunonag punogTensle strengh min p [MPa] Grsde AGrade BGrde CGrade D 45 000 58 000 62 000 58 000Yeld strength min psi [MPs] 33000 [oLc] [230] 42 000 [00] [290] 46 000 [425] [315] 36 000 [400] [250]Elongation in 2 in [50 mm] min %0 254 23 21° 23Tensie stenh min pei [MPa Shs Grade A Stnuctur Tuting 62 000 58000Yield strength min psi [MPa] 39 000 45 000 [e] 58 000 46 000 [400] 50 000 [425] 36 000 [0o]Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] [270] 25^ 23” [315] [345] 21 [250] 23”min %
the electrc-resistance-welding process. The longitudinal butt 6.2 Welded tubing shall be made from flat-rolled steel by joint of welded tubing shall be welded across its thickness in such a manner that the structural design strength of the tubingsection is assured.
corners of any shaped tube unless specified by the purchaser. 6.3 The weld shall not be located within the radius of the
Nom: 2-Welded tubing is normally furnished without removal of theinside flash.
6.4 Except as required by 6.5 it shall be permissible for thetubing to be stress relieved or annealed.
^Applis to specied wal thicknesses (t) equal to or greaterthan 0.120in. [3.05be calculated by the foemula: percent elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] = 56r 17.5 mm]. For lighter specified wall thicknesses the minimum elongation values shallrounded to the nearest percemt For A500M use the following fomula: 2.2t 17.5 rounded to the nearest percent.
at least 1100 °F [590 °C] for one hour per inch [25 mm] of 6.5 Grade D tubing shall be heat treated at a temperature ofthickness.
Applies to specified wal thicknesses (t ) equsl to or greater than 0.180 in. [4.57mm]. For lighter speciied wall hicknesses the minimum elongation values shall be cslculated by the fomula: percent elongation in 2 in. [50 mm] = 61f 12.rounded to the nearest percent. For A500M use the following formula: 2.4f 12 rounded to the neareet percent.
7. Heat Analysis
specified in Table 1 for heat analysis. 7.1 Each heat analysis shall conform to the requirements
mm]. For lighter specifed wall thicknesses he minimum elongation values shall be by agreement with the manufacturer. CApplls to specied walltickneses (t) equal to or greater than 0.120 in [3.05
8. Product Analysis
Theminmum elngation vlues specified appy nly to tests perfomed prior to shipment of the tubing.
8.1 The tubing shall be capable of conforming to therequirements specified in Table 1 for product analysis.
outside surfaces of the test specimen shall be present until thedistance between the plates is less than two-thirds of thespecified outside diameter of the tubing. For the second step no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside parent metalsurfaces of the test specimen except as provided for in 10.5 shall be present until the distance between the plates is lessthan one-half of the specified outside diameter of the tubing. During the third step which is a test for soundnes thethe opposite walls of the test specimen meet. Evidence of flattening shall be continued until the test specimen breaks orlaminated or unsound material or of inplete weld that isrevealed during the entire flattening test shall be cause for rejection.
2 in. [5 cm] from the ends of the tubing shall not vary from thespecified outside dimensions by more than the applicableconvexity or concavity. amount given in Table 3 which includes an allowance for
point of measurement on the tubing shall be not more than 11.2 Wall ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness at any10 % less than the specified wall thickness. The maximum wallnot more than 10 % greater than the specified wall thickness. thickness excluding the weld seam of welded tubing shall beFor square and rectangular tubing the wall thickness require- ments shall apply only to the centers of the flats.
11.3 LengrhStructural tubing is normally produced inrandom lengths 5 ft [1.5 m] and over in multiple lengths and in specific lengths. Refer to Section 4. When specific lengthsare ordered the length tolerance shall be in accordance with Table 4.
10.3 For seamless round structural tubing 23% in. [60 mm]specified outside diameter and larger a specimen not less than 2] in. [65 mm] in length shall be flattened cold betweenparallel plates in two steps. During the first step which is a test for ductility no cracks or breaks on the inside or outsidesurfaces except as provided for in10.5 shall occur until the distance between the plates is less than the value of “H"calculated by the following equation:
11.4 Strcighuness-The permissible variation for straight-ness of structural tubing shall be /% in. times the number of feet [10 mm times the number of metres] of total length dividedby 5.
tural tubing adjacent sides shall be square (90°) with a 11.5 Squareness of SidesFor square and rectangular struc-permissible variation of ±2° max.
(1)
where:
H = distance between flattening plates in. [mm].e = deformation per unit length (constant for a given grade of steel 0.09 for Grade A 0.07 for Grade B and 0.06for Grade C) D specified wall thickness of tubing in. [mm]. and specified outside diameter of tubing in. [mm].
tural tubing the radius of each outside corner of the section 11.6 Radius of CormersFor square and rectangular struc-shall not exceed three times the specified wall thickness.
11.7 Twist-For square and rectangular structural tubing.the permissible variations in twist shall be as given in Table 5.Twist shall be determined by holding one end of the tubing down on a fat surface plate measuring the height that eachcormer on the bottom side of the tubing extends above the surface plate near the opposite ends of the tubing andcalculating the twist (the difference in heights of such cormers) except that for heavier sections it shall be permissible to use a suitable measuring device to determine twist. Twist measure-tubing. ments shall not be taken within 2 in. [5 cm] of the ends of the
flattening shall be continued until the specimen breaks or the During the second step which is a test for soundness theopposite walls of the specimen meet. Evidence of laminated orunsound material that is revealed during the entire flattening test shall be cause for rejection.
10.4 Surface imperfections not found in the test specimenflattening test shall be judged in accordance with Section 15. before flattening but revealed during the first step of the
10.5 When low D-to- ratio tubulars are tested because thestrain imposed due to geometry is unreasonably high on the inside surface at the 6 and 12 o’clock locations cracks at theseless than 10. locations shall not be cause for rejection if the D-to-r ratio is
TABLE 3 Permissible Variations in Outside Flat Dimensions for Square and Rectangular Structural Tubing
Specified Outside Lsrge Flat Dimension in. (mm] Over and Under Specified Permisible VariationsOutside Flat Dimensions in. [mm]21% [65] or under Over 21& to 3%s [65 to 90] incl 0.020 [0.5] 0.025 [0.6]Over 3% to 5%e [90 to 140] incl Over 5% [140] 0.01 fmes large fal 0.030 [0.8]dimension
11.1 Outside Dimensions:
not vary more than ±0.5 % rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. 11.1.1 Round Srructural TubingThe outside diameter shall[0.1 mm] from the specified outside diameter for specifiedoutside diameters 1.900 in. [48 mm] and smaller and ± 0.75 % rounded to the nearest 0.005 in. [0.1 mm] from thespecified outside diameter for specified outside diameters 2.00 in. [5 cm] and larger. The outside diameter measurements shalltubing. be made at positions at least 2 in. [5 cm] from the ends of the
The pemsible vriatios inude allwanes fr coexiy and concavity Forrectangulartubing having a ratio of outside large to mallfat dimension lss than 1.5 and for square ubing the pemissible variations in smallfat dimension shalleueo s e e u sen d u o eu tubing having a ratio of outside large to smallfat dimension in the range of 1.5 tothe pemissle variafions in e lt dimenn For rectangulsrtbing haing 3.0 inclusive the pemissible variations in smallflat dimension shall be 1.5 times d o varistions in smallflat dimension shall be 2.0 fimes the pemissible variations in large flat dimension.
11.1.2 Squore and Rectangular Structural TubingThe out-side dimensions measured across the flats at positions at least
TABLE 4 Length Tolerances for Specific Lengths of StructuralTubing
without flattening in the gage length. Longitudinal strip test specimens shall have all burrs removed. Tension test specimensshall not contain surface imperfections that would interfere with proper determination of the tensile properties.
22 # [6.5 m] and Under Under Over [6.5 m] Over 22 UnderLength tolerance for speiic J 15 %lengths in. [mm] [13] [6] [19] [6]
of the gage length or to a total extension under load of 0.5 % 15.3 The yield strength corresponding to an offset of 0.2 %of the gage length shall be determined.
TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Twist for Square andRectangular Structural Tubing
16. Inspection
16.1 All tubing shall be inspected at the place of manufac-ture to ensure conformance to the requirements of this speci- fication.
Maximum PermissibleSpeiled Outside Lage Fist Dimension in. [mm] [Twist per Metre of Length] Variations in Twist per 3 ft of Lengthin. [mm]116 [40] and under 0.062 0.050 [1.3]Over 4 to 6 [100 to 150]. inel Over 13 to 2% [40 to 65] incl Over 216 to 4 [65 to 100] inl 0.075 0.087 [1.6] [1.9] [2.2]Over 8 [200] Over 6 to 8 [150 to 200] inel 0.100 0.112 [2.5] [2.8]
workmanlike finish. 16.2 All tubing shall be free from defects and shall have a
16.2.1 Surface imperfections shall be classed as defectsthan 90 % of the specified wall thickness. It shall be permis- when their depth reduces the remaining wall thickness to lessspecified wall thickness to be repaired by welding subject to sible for defects having a depth not in excess of 331s % of thethe following conditions:
- q po p 1191ping or grinding to sound metal
12. Special Shape Structural Tubing
hydrogen welding process and 16.2.1.2 The repair weld shall be made using a low-
shape structural tubing shall be subject to inquiry and negotia- 12.1 The availability dimensions and tolerances of specialtion with the manufacturer.
produce a workmanlike finish. 16.2.1.3 The projeting weld metal shall be removed to
13. Number of Tests
die or roll marks or shallow pits are not considered defects 16.2.2 Surface imperfections such as handling marks lightprovided that the imperfections are removable within thespecified limits on wall thickness. The removal of such surface imperfections is not required. Welded tubing shall be free ofprotruding metal on the outside surface of the weld seam.
made from a length of tubing representing each lot. 13.1 One tension test as specified in Section 15 shall be
13.2 The flattening test as specified in Section 10 shall bemade on one length of round tubing from each lot.
13.3 The term *lot" shall apply to all tubes of the samespecified size that are produced from the same heat of steel.
16.3 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase ordet structural tubing shall be furnished with square cut ends withthe burr held to a minimum. When so specified in the purchase order the burr shall be removed on the outside diameter insidediameter or both.
14. Retests
lot fail to conform to the applicable requirements specified in 14.1 If the results of the mechanical tests representing anySections 9 and 10 the lot shall be rejected or retested using additional tubing of double the original number from the lot.The lot shall be acceptable if the results of all such retestsrepresenting the lot conform to the specified requirements.
17.Rejection
tubing received from the manufacturer and reject any tubing 17.1 It shall be permissible for the purchaser to inspectupon the inspection and test methods outlined herein. The that does not meet the requirements of this specification basedpurchaser shall notify the manufacturer of any tubing that hasbeen rejected and the disposition of such tubing shall be -mnd o pue ameyneu aq uamq uaaue o 1oafqnschaser.
14.2 If one or both of the retests specified in 14.1 fail toconform to the applicable requirements specified in Sections 9 and 10 the lot shall be rejected or subsequent to the manu-facturer heat treating reworking or otherwise eliminating thea new lot and tested accordingly. condition responsible for the failure the lot shall be treated as
17.2 It shall be permissible for the purchaser to set aside anytubing that is found in fabrication or installation within thescope of this specification to be unsuitable for the intended end use based on the requirements of this specification. Thepurchaser shall notify the manufacturer of any tubing that has been set aside. Such tubing shall be subject to mutual investi-gation as to the nature and severity of the deficiency and the forming or installation or both conditions involved. Thedisposition of such tubing shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
15. Test Methods
requirements of Test Methods and Definitions A370 Annex 15.1 Tension test specimens shall conform to the applicableA2.
test specimens or longitudinal strip test specimens. For welded 15.2 Tension test specimens shall be fullsize longitudinaltubing any longitudinal strip test specimens shall be takenfrom a location at least 90° from the weld and shall be prepared
18. Certification
19.2 For structural tubing having a specified outside diam-eter or large flat dimension of 4 in. [10 cm] or less it shall bepermissible for the information listed in 19.1 to be marked on a tag securely attached to each bundle.
18.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract themanufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser a certificate of pliance stating that the product was manufactured sampled tested and inspected in accordance with this speci- fication and any other requirements designated in the purchaseorder or contract and was found to meet all such requirements.ber and year of issue. Certificates of pliance shall include the specification num-
19.3 Bar Coding-In addition to the requirements in 19.1and 19.2 the manufacturer shall have the option of using bar sspecific bar coding system is specified in the purchase order that system shall be used.
18.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract themanufacturer shall furnish to the purchaser test reports for the product shipped that contain the heat analyses and the results oforder or contract. Test reports shall include the specification the tension tests required by this specification and the purchase number and year of issue.
NoTE 3In the absence of another har coding system being specified inthe purchase onder it is remended that bar coding be consistent with AIAG Standard B-1.
20. Packing Marking and Loading
20.1 When specified in the purchase order packaging.marking and loading shall be in accordance with Practices A700.
cates of pliance or test reports; however the documents 18.3 A signature or notarization is not required on certifi-shall clearly identify the organization submitting them. Not- withstanding the absence of a signature the organizationsubmitting the document is responsible for its content.
21. Government Procurement
21.1 When specified in the contract material shall bepreserved packaged and packed in accordance with the re-quirements of MIL-STD-163 with applicable levels being specified in the contract. Marking for shipment of suchmaterials shall be in accordance with Federal Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD-129 or Federal Std. No. 183 ifcontinuous marking is required.
or used in electronic form from an electronic data interchange 18.4 A certificate of pliance or test report printed from (EDI) shall be regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in the certifying organization’s facility. Thecontent of the EDI transmitted document shall conform to anyexisting EDI agreement between the purchaser and the manu-
the manufacturer shall be responsible for the performance of all 21.2 InspectionUnless otherwise specified in the contract applicable inspection and test requirements specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in the contract the manufacturershall use its own or any other suitable facilities for theperformance of such inspections and tests.
19. Product Marking
tubing shall be legibly marked to show the following informa- 19.1 Except as noted in 19.2 each length of structuraltion: manufacturer’s name brand or trademark; the specifica-tion designation (year of issue not required); and grade letter.
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue A500/A500M10a that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved November 1 2013)
(7) Deleted Open Hearth from 5.1.(2) Added 6.3 concerning prohibiting the weld from beingplaced in the corner of rectangular or square tubing unless required by the purchaser.
