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StandardPracticefor LiquidPenetrantTesting
This standand is sued derte fixed desigstion E1417/E1417M; te number immediately following the designatie indicaes the year of original adoption or in the case of revision the year of last revisin. A number in paretheses inicates the year of last reapproval. A supersript epsiloe (e) indicates an editoeial change since the last revisice or reaproval.
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1. Scope*
safery concerns if any associated with its ase. lr is the 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thepriate sofety health and environmental practices and deter- responsibility of the user of this sfandard fo establish appro-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice establishes the minimum requirements forand nonmetal ponents.
No: 1This practice replaces MIL-STD-6866.
1.7 Thuis internationol standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standord-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards Guides and Re-mendations issued by rhe World Trade Organization Techunical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 The penetrant examination processes described in thispractice are applicable to in-process final and maintenance (in-service) examinations. These processes are applicable forthe detection of discontinuities such as lack of fusion corrosion cracks laps cold shuts and porosity that are opnor connected to the surface of the ponent under examina-tion.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents form a part of this practice tothe extent specified herein:
1.3 Caution must be exercised in the usage of elevatedtemperature with ponents manufactured from thermoplas-tic materials. Also some cleaners penetrants and developers can have a deleterious effect on nonmetallic materials such asplastics. Prior to examination tests should be conducted to ensure that none of the cleaning or examination materials areharmful to the ponents to be examined.
2.2 ASTM Standards:2
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro- Bituminous Materials by Distillationleum Products. Lubricating Oils and Additives by Cou- lometric Karl Fischer TitrationE165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing for Gen-E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer eral IndustryE543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive TitrationE1135 Test Method for Comparing the Brightness of Fluo- Testingrescent PenetrantsE2297 Guide for Use of UV-A and Visible Light Sources and E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsMeters used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle MethodsE3022 Practice for Measurement of Emission Characteris- tics and Requirements for LED UV-A Lamps Used inFluorescent Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The 1.4 Unirs-The values stated in either SI units or inch-values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equiva- lents; therefore to ensure conformance with the standard eachsystem shall be used independently of the other and values from the two systems shall not be bined.
1.5 All areas of this practice may be open to agrementsupplier or specific direction from the cognizant engineering between the cognizant engineering organization and theorganization.
changed to UV-A to conform with the latest temminology in Terminology Nom 2Throughout this document the term blacklighe has beenE1316. Blackighe can mean a brad range of ultraviolet radiation; fluorescent penetrant examination only uses the UV-A range.
E1417/E1417M-211
2.3 ASNT Standards:ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-SNT-TC-1A Remended Practice for Personnel Qualifi- cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel2.4 Military Standards;:4.s cation and Certification in Nondestruetive TestingMIL-STD-6866 Inspection Liquid PenetrantQPL-AMS-2644 Qualified Products List Inspection Material Penetrant2.5 ANSI/ISO/EN Standards:s ANSI/NCSL Z540.3 General Requirement for CalibrationLaboratories and Measuring Test EquipmentEN 4179 Qualification and Approval of Personnel for Non-ISO 9712 Non-destruetive Testing-Qualification and Certifi- cation of NDT PersonnelISO 10012 Measure Managememt Systems-Requirements for Measurement Processes and Measuring EquipmentISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence2.6 AIA Srandard:? of Testing and Calibration LaboratoriesNAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive2.7 SAE Srandards:a Test PersonnelAMS 2175 Castings Classification and Inspection of AMS 2644 Inspection Material Penetrant AMS 3158 Solution Fluorescent Penetrant Water Base for LOX Compatibility
3.2.3 coponent nthe part(s) or element(s) of a systemdescribed assembled or processed to the extent specified bythe drawing.
3.2.4 final examinarion the final examination performedfor the acceptance of the item.
3.2.4.1 Discussion-Any change to the item’s surface suchas machining grinding welding heat treatment or etching bysubsequent manufacturing operation may render the previous examination invalid requiring reexamination of all affectedsurfaces unless otherwise approved in the contract.
3.2.5 in-proces adjthat which occurs during manufactur-ing before a ponent is in final form.
storage for their intended function. 3.2.6 in-service adjrefers to ponents that are in use or
3.2.7 reproces vrepeat after cleaning the applicationrequired) and developer (as required). and appropriate processing of penetrant emulsifier (as
3.2.8 supplier the organization contracted to supply thematerial parts or assembly.
3.2.9 rurbine engine critical ponens nany po-nent on turbine engine designated by the manufacturer as “critical."
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice establishes the basic parameters for con-so d pb go oe n practice is written so it can be specified on the engineeringdrawing specification or contract. It is not a detailed how-to procedure to be used by the inspector and therefore must besupplemented by a detailed procedure that conforms to the requirements of this practice. Practice E165/E165M containsinformation to help develop detailed requirements.
2.8 Order of Precedence-In the event of conflict betweenthe text of this practice and the references cited herein the text of this practice takes precedence.
5. Classification
3. Terminology
sified in accordance with the material classification contained 5.1 Penetrant examination processes and materials are clas-in AMS 2644. Penetrant systems covered by this practice shall be of the following types methods and sensitivity levels:
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The terminology relating to liquid penetrant examina-tion that appears in Terminology E1316 shall apply to the termsused in this practice.
5.1.1 Type:5.1.1.1 7ype --Fluorescent dye. 5.1.1.2 Type IIVisible dye.5.1.2 Merhod: 5.1.2.1 Method AWater washable.5.1.2.2 Method A(W)Water washable-water containing.5.1.2.3 Method BPost-emulsifiable lipophilic. 5.1.2.4 Method CSolvent-removable.5.1.2.5 Method DPost-emulsifiable hydrophilic. d e s s ssensitivity and it is not represented by any of the levels listed systems only. Type II penetrant systems have only a singleas follows):5.1.3.2 Sensitivity Level 1Low. 5.1.3.1 Sensitivity Level i/ -Very low.5.1.3.4 Sensirivity Level 3High. 5.1.3.3 Sensizivity Level 2Medium.5.1.3.5 Sensiziviry Level 4Ultrahigh.5.2 Developers shall be of the following forms:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 aerospace any ponent that will be installed ona system that flies.
3.2.2 cognizant engineering orgaization nreference Ter-minology E1316.
E1417/E1417M-211
6. General Practices
6.5 Materials:
5.2.1 Fors aDry powder.5.2.2 For bWater-soluble.5.2.3 Forsr cWater-suspendable. 5.2.4 Form dNonaqueous for Type I fluorescent pen-etrant.5.2.6 Form /-Specific application. 5.2.5 For eNonaqueous for Type II visible dye.5.3 Solvent removers shall be of the following classes:5.3.2 Class 2Nonhalogenated. 5.3.1 Class 1Halogenated.5.3.3 Class 3Specific application.
specified in the contract or purchase order the cognizant 6.1 Responsibiliry for ExaminationUnless otherwiseengineering organization is responsible for the performance ofzant engineering organization may specify more stringent all examination requirements as specified herein. The cogni-requirements than the minimum specified in this practice when necessary to ensure that a ponent meets its functional andsupplier may utilize his own facilities or any other facilities reliability requirements. Except as otherwise specified thesuitable for the performance of the examination requirements specified herein. The cognizant engineering organization re- serves the right to perform any of the examinations set forth inthis practice where such examinations are deemed necessary to ensure that supplies and services conform to prescribed re-ssannb
dance with this practice the orders contracts or other appro 6.2 SpecifyingWhen examination is required in accor-priate documents shall specify the criteria by which thedrawings or other applicable documents shall indicate the acceptability of ponents is to be evaluated. Engineeringused. Examination on a sampling basis shall not be allowedunless specifically permitted by the contract.
nations in accordance with this practice shall be qualified andcertified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A ANSI/ASNT-CP- 189 NAS 410 EN 4179 ISO 9712 or as specified in thecontract or purchase order.
practice may be evaluated in accordance with Specification 6.4 Agency QualificarionThe agency performing thisE543.
6.5.1 Qualijfied MaterialsOnly materials listed or ap-proved for listing on QPL-AMS-2644 (reference AMS 2644) shall be utilized for penetrant examination. Materials notconforming to the requirements of AMS 2644 may be usedorganization. only when a waiver is obtained from the cognizant engineering
Penetrant materials used on LOX wetted surfaces that cannot 6.5.2 Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Compatible Materialsbe thoroughly post-cleaned shall be pliant with AMS 3158 be used in accordance with the material supplier instructions
and shall require approval of the cognizant engineering orga-nization when such materials do not meet the requirements ofAMS 2644.
6.5.3 Shelf Life-Penetrant materials that have exceededtheir initial shelf life date are permissible to use provided the requirements of 7.8.2 and 7.8.3 produce aceptable results.requirements of 7.8.3. Ready-to-use materials as identified in 7.8 need only meet the
6.6 Equipment cnd FacilitiesProcessing equipment usedin the penetrant examination process shall be constructed and arranged to permit a uniform and controlled operation. Thecquipment shall meet all applicable national and local safetyfacilities using both Type I and Type II penetrant provisions requirements as well as the requirements specified herein. Inshall be made to prevent cross-contamination between pen- etrant types.
be kept clean at al times. For visible dye examination Type II. 6.6.1 Viewing AreasAreas where parts are reviewed shallthe lighting system shall provide at least 100 fc [1076 Ix] ofstationary fuorescent dye examination Type I the ambient visible light when measured at the examination surface. Forexamination surface. The UV-A lamp shall provide a minimum visible light background shall not exceed 2 fc [21.5 Ix] at themeet the requirements of 7.8.4.1. Viewing areas for portable of 1000 μW/cm² at the examination surface. UV-A lamps shallfluorescent dye examination shall utilize dark canvas photog-rapher’s black cloth or other methods to reduce the visible light background to the lowest possible level during examina-tion and UV-A intensity shall meet the above requirements.
6.6.1.1 Where lamps are physically too large to directlyUV-A pencil lamps or UV-A light guides or remote visual illuminate the examination surface special lighting such asexamination equipment shall be used. When using a borescope the image viewed must have suficient resolution to effectively evaluate the indication. UV-A intensity shall be measured at theexpected working distance and shall be a minimum 1000 μW/m². Special lighting shall meet the requirements of7.8.4.2.
qs ssodnd uoene ao psn sdue VA 119'9ply with Practice E3022 excluding those referenced in6.6.1.1 and 7.8.4.2.
6.6.2 Drying OvenWhen ponents are oven dried thedryer must be a forced-air recirculating type. In automated systems where parts are dried by radiant heat and forced air the travel speed of the system shall be such as to preclude overdrying of parts. The forced air does not have to berecirculating but must preclude contamination of the parts. Thetemperature shall be controlled with a calibrated device ca- pable of maintaining the oven temperature at ±15°F[±8.3 °C] of the temperature for which it is set The oven shall not exceed 160 °F [71 °C]. The temperature indicator shall beaccurate to ±10 °F [±5.6 °C] of the actual oven temperature.
tion procedures are similar for many ponents a masterwritten procedure may be utilized that covers the details mon to a variety of ponents as well as guidance in theevent of a process control failure which as a minimum shallinclude notification of the failure to the Penetrant Testing Level
