Foreword
This book BlectricalInstallation Guide accordingto IEC Intermational Standards* whichis piledand printed in English by Schneider Electric facitatesutilization of the EC 60364 series ofintermational standards concerned with safety.guarding control.performance and protection of circuits. together with fundamentals and rules ofelectrical installtion design. Moreover the book contains topics of extreme importance that cover wide fields of electric power systemsand their installations in different faolities.ThisAs ue pue pay o u sepeds pue aoujua renders the book a useful reference to each application guide to such intermational standards and their
prehensive electric installtion content has SASO in recognition of the guide's important andtranslatedit into Arabic to enable researchers andspecialists to benefit fromit in Arabicif the desire.
In its capacity as the body entrusted with isuing and approving Saudi standards SASO attachesparticularimportance to verification of safety inelectrical installation in buildings. SASOis also acting assiduously to plete work on thenational regulations of electrical installationstandards which are adopted as Saudistandards. based upon IEC 60364 series of international In view of the divergence of theitems of suchstandards and the many technical options offered issuing an aplication guide to thesestandards is extremely useful. To this effect theSaudi national regulations of electrical installation in buildings will be used.The guide being introduced here will be an important reference for the electricalinstallation guide according to Saudi standards*as part of the Saudi national regulations of electrical installtioninbuildings.
Dr.Khaled Y.Al-KhalafVice Chairman Board of Directorsand Director General SASO
1.methodology B12.rules and statutory regulations B32.1 definition of voltage ranges B3standard voltages between 100 V and 1000 V (IEC 38-1983) table B1 table B2 B32.2 regulations standard voltages above 1 kV and not exceeding 35 kV (IEC 38-1983) B32.3 standards B4 B42.4 quality and safety of an electrical installation B52.5 initia testing of an installation 2.6 periodic check-testing of an installation B6frequency of check-tests monly remended for an electrical installation table B3 B6 B62.7 conformity (with standards and specifications) of equipment3.motor heatingand lightingloads used in the installation B73.1 induction motors B8 B8power and current values for typical induction motors table B4 B93.2 direct-current motors table B6 B10preressive starlers with vltageram table B7 B103.3 resistive-type heating appliances and incandescent lamps progressive starters with current Imitafion B10(conventional or halogen) B11current demands of resistive heating and incandescent Iighting (conventional or halogen) appliances table B8 B113.4 fluorescent lamps and related equipment B11current demands and power consumption of monly-dimensioned fluorescent Ighting tubes (at 220 V/240 V - 50 Hz) table B10 B12current demands and power consumption of pact fluorescent lamps table B113.5 discharge lamps (at 220 V/240 V - 50 Hz) B12table B12 B134.powerloading of aninstallation current demands of discharge lamps B13 B144.1 installed power (kW) B144.2 installed apparent power (kVA) table B13 B15estimation of installed apparent power 4.3 estimation of actual maximum kVA demand B15simultaneity factors in an apartment block table B14 B16 B16table B16 factor of simultaneity for distribution boards (IEC 439) B17factor of simultaneity according to circuit function table B17 B174.4 example of application of factors ku and ks table B18 B17an example in estimating the maximum predicted loading of an installation (the factor values used are for demonstration purposes only) B17
C.HV/LVdistributionsubstations
1.supply of power at high voltage 1.1 power-supply characteristics of high voltage distribution networks C1sofegon wals/s peje Buguodsauoo um sofejon wejs(s jeujwou Bugej table C1 C1(r.m.s. values) table C2 C2switchgear rated insulation levels table C3Ain the Uniled States of America and some other countries) transformers rated insulation levels in series I (based on current practice other than C3States of America and some other countries) table C3B transformers rated insulation levels in series Il (based on current practice in the Unitedstandard shorl-circuit current-breaking ratings extracted rom table X IEC 56 table C4 C4 C41.2 different HV service connections C112.consumers HVsubstations 1.3 some operational aspects of HV distribution networks C132.1 procedures for the establishment of a new substation C15 C153.substation protection schemes C173.2 electrical protection 3.1 protection against electric shocks and overvoltages C17power EImits of transformers with a maximum primary current not exceeding 45 A table C18 C22 C25raled current (A) of HV fuses for ransformer protection according to IEC 282-1 table C19 C263-phase short-circuit currents of typical distribution transfommers table C20 C273.3 protection against thermal effects 3.4 interlocks and conditioned manceuvres C31 C314.theconsumer substation with LV metering C344.1 general C344.2 choice of panels table C27 C36standard shorl-circuit MVA and current ratings at different levels of nominal voltage 4.3 choice of HV switchgear panel for a transformer circuit C37 C384.4 choice of HV/LV transformer table C31 C38cabegories of dieectric fuids table C32 C41safety measures remended in electrical installations using dielectric liquids of classes 01 K1 K2 or K3 C425.a consumer substation with HVmetering C445.2 choice of panels 5.1 general C44 C465.3 parallel operation of transformers C486.constitution ofHV/LVdistributionsubstations 6.1 different types of substation C496.2 indoor substations equipped with metal-enclosed switchgear C49 C496.3 outdoor substations C52
D.low-voltageserviceconnections
1.1 low-voltage consumers D1table D1 survey of electricity supplies in various countries around the world. table D2 D1 901.2 LV distribution networks D71.4 quality of supply voltage 1.3 the consumer-service connection D10D13
E.powerfactorimprovement and harmonicfiltering
1.1 the nature of reactive energy E11.2 plant and appliances requiring reactive current E21.3 the power factor 1.4 tan E21.5 practical measurement of power factor E3 E41.6 practical values of power factor E4
2.whyimprove the powerfactor? E5
2.1 reduction in the cost of electricity E52.2 technical/economic optimization E5
table E8 multiplying factor for cable size as a function of cos 甲 E5
3.how toimprove thepowerfactor E6
3.1 theoretical principles3.2 by using what equipment? E6 E73.3 the choice between a fixed or automatically-regulated bankof capacitors E8
4.where to install correction capacitors 63
4.1 global pensation E94.3 individual pensation E9E10
4.2 pensation by sector
E.powerfactorimprovement andharmonic filtering (coninued)
5.how to decide the optimum level of pensation E115.1 general method E115.2 simplified method kvar to be installed per kW of lad to improve the power factor of an installation table E17 E11 E125.3 method based on the avoidance of tariff penalties E135.4 method based on reduction of declared maximum apparent power (kVA) E136.pensation at the terminals of a transformer E146.1 pensation to increase the available active power output E14table E20 active-power capabilty of fully-loaded transformers when supplying loads at diferent o amod po sonjea E146.2 pensation of reactive energy absorbed by the transformer E15table E24 supujm Atwud Ax oz 4m suowuojsue uognqusip jo uogdunsuo amod angeu E167.1 connection of a capacitor bank and protection settings E17table E26 reduction factor for overcurrent protection after pensation E177.2 how self-excitation of an induction motor can be avoided table E28 E18maximum kvar of P.F. correction applicable to motor terminals without risk of self-excitation E198.example of an installationbefore and after power-factorcorrection9.the effect of harmonics on the rating of acapacitor E20bank E219.1 problems arising from power-system harmonics 9.2 possible solutions E219.3 choosing the optimum solution E21 E22choice of solutions for limiting harmonics associated with a LV capacitor bank table E30 E229.4 possible effects of power-factor-correction capacitors10.implementation of capacitorbanks on the power-supply system 2310.1 capacitor elements E2410.2 choice of protection control devices and connecting cables E2511.appendix1:elementaryharmonicfilters App E3-112.appendix2:harmonic suppression reactorfora single (powerfactor correction)capacitorbank App E4-11.general F11.1 the principal schemes of LV distribution 1.2 the main LV distribution board F1 F41.3 transition from IT to TN F4
7.pensation at the terminalsof aninduction motor E17
F.distributionwithinalow-voltageinstallation
