Earth andRock-FillDams- General Design and ConstructionConsiderations
ENGINEER MANUAL
U.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineers DEPARTMENTOFTHEARMY Washington DC20314-1000
EARTHANDROCK-FILLDAMS-GENERALDESIGN Engineering andDesign ANDCONSTRUCTIONCONSIDERATIONS
1. Purpose. This manual presents fundamental principles underlying the design and construction ofearth and rock-fill dams. The general principles presented herein are also applicable to the design and construction of carth levees. The construction of earth dams by hydraulic means was curtailed in the1940's due to economic considerations and liquefaction concerns during carthquake loading and arenot discussed herein.
laboratories and field operating activities having responsibility for the design and construction of carth 2. Applicability. This manual applies to HQUSACE elements major subordinate mands districts and rock-fill dams.
FOR THE COMMANDER:
WILLIAM D. BROWNColonel Corps of Engineers Chief of Staff
Purpose 1-1 1-1Applicability .1-2 1-1References Overview of Manual 1-3 1-4 1-1 1-1
Chapter 2
General Considerations
General . Civil Works Project Process 2-1 2-2Basic Requirements Types of Embankment Dams 2-3 2-4Selection of Embankment Type 2-5Environmental Conditions . . 2-6
Laboratory Testing Field Investigations and Chapter 3
Geological and Subsurface Explorations and Field Tests 3-1Laboratory Testing . 3-2 3-3
Chapter 4
General Design Considerations
Freeboard ..4-1 4-1 do Alignment . 4-2 4-3 4-1 4-1Embankment 4-4 4-1Earthquake Effects Abutments 4-5 4-6 4-1 4-2Coordination Between Design and Construction 4-7 4-2Value Engineering Proposals 4-8 4-2
U.S.ArmyCorpsof Engineers DEPARTMENT OF THEARMY Washington DC 20314-1000
EARTHANDROCK-FILLDAMS-GENERALDESIGN Engineering andDesign ANDCONSTRUCTIONCONSIDERATIONS
Table of Contents
Chapter7
Embankment Design
PreparationPreparation Strengthening the Foundation 5-2 5-1 5-1 5-2Dewatering the Working Area . 5-3 5-3
Seepage Control General . 6-1 6-1Embankment . 6-2 6-1 6-1Earth Foundations Rock Foundations ..6-3 6-4Abutments Adjacent to Outlet Conduits . 6-6 6-5 -9 -9Beneath Spillways and StillingSeepage Control Against Earthquake Basins 9-9Effects 9-9
Embankment Materials 7-1 7-1Zoning Cracking 7-2 7-3 7-1 7-5Filter Design Consolidation and Excess Porewater 7-4 7-8Pressures 7-5 7-8Embankment Reinforcement Embankment Slopes and Berms 7-7 7-8 7-9
Compaction Requirements 7-8 7-9Slope Protection 7-9 7-13
General 10-1 10-1Instrumentation Plan and Records 10-2 10-1Types of Instrumentation 10-3 10-1Discussion of Devices Measurements of Seepage 10-4 10-1Automatic Data Acquisition Quantities 10-5 10-2 10-2
Chapter8
Appurtenant StructuresOutlet Works 8-1 1-8Spillway Miscellaneous Considerations 8-2 8-3 1-8 8-1
Considerations Chapter9 General Construction
General . 1-6 9-1Stage Construction Obtaining Quality Construction 9-2 9-3 9-1 9-1Stream Diversion . . t-6 9-2Construction/Design Interface Closure Section 9-5 9-6 9-3 9-3Visual Observations Compaction Control 9-7 8-6 9-3 9-4Initial Reservoir Filling 9-9 9-4Construction Records and Reports 9-10 9-5
Introduction Chapter1
operating activities having responsibility for the designand construction of earth and rock-fill dams.
1-3.References
1-1. Purpose
Required and related references are listed in Appendix A.
This manual presents fundamental principles underlyingthe design and construction of earth and rock-fill dams. The general principles presented herein are also applicableto the design and construction of earth levees. The con- struction of earth dams by hydraulic means was curtailedin the 1940’s due to economic considerations and lique-faction concerns during earthquake loading and are not discussed herein.
1-4.Overview of Manual
The objective of this manual is to present guidance for thedesign and construction of carth and rock-fill dams. Themanual is general in nature and is not intended to sup- plant the judgment of the designer on a particular project.
1-2.Applicability
dinate mands districts laboratories and field This manual applies to HQUSACE elements major subor-
